Document Analysis The Marriage of the Virgin Essay

I have chosen The Marriage of the Virgin as a document analysis because I want to contrast this work with works of Perugino, especially Christ giving the Keys to St Peter (1481-1482) and also The Marriage of the Virgin (1500-1504). Raphael was commissioned to produce the work by the Albizzini family of Citta di Castello (scala 8) for the chapel of St Joseph in the Church of San Francesco. In comparison to the two works of Perugino the similarities are easily recognised. However although we can date Perugino’s earlier work between 1481and1482, his Marriage of the Virgin can only be dated from between 1500 and 1504. Raphael helpfully named himself and dated his work in the middle of the temple and so we know definitely it was finished in 1504, so although it would seem likely, one should be cautious to date Perugino’s Marriage of the Virgin earlier than Raphael’s. In 1504 Raphael was twenty one years old and was still an apprentice in the school of Perugino,and he executed it prior to his stay in Florence, and so it is natural to assume his work was still greatly influenced by his master. The painting has significant parallels with the Christ giving the Keys to St Peter in the Sistine Chapel. As in the earlier fresco, Raphael uses the same structural format. The pavilion is the dominating central focus which gives the depth of the scene in relation to the figures of the foreground. The figures between the pavilion and the frontal scene is proportional in size  and shows Raphael’s confidence in the use of perspective. The landscape shows the influence of Perugino, the viewer may get a sense of tranquility and stillness which one may also associate with the actual landscapes of Umbria, and speaking from experience I certainly did. When looking in detail at the figures in the foreground one can see the influence of Perugino within the faces of the characters. The faces of the ladies and indeed the men either side of the Joseph and Mary all have the serene, graceful and introspective qualities one would associate with Perugino. The ladies with their small mouths seem hard to differentiate from Perugino’s own figures.From these similarities it may be said that at this time Raphael was truly a disciple of Perugino and Painter in his style. Although there is much to associate Raphael with the school of Perugino within this painting, there can also be seen that within the work Raphael has started to move away from his masters style and also out-master the master! Bruno Santi in â€Å"Raphael, The Great Masters of Art† (p10) writes of Raphael’s superiority in the use of Perspective in comparison to Perugino. He cites Perugino’s fresco in the Sistine chapel is developed horizontally which is characteristic of the Quattrocento whereas Raphael uses a ‘well developed’ circular composition. The temple in Raphael’s representation is a polygonal building seemingly more complex than Perugino’s temple but perfectly portrayed and gives one a sense of Raphael’s complete confidence of the new architectural designs which were emerging through people such as Bramante and Da Vinci and it has been argued that their influence can be seen in this work.

Plant Based Diet Essay

When I was growing up I was taught how to hunt, fish and trap animals for food as well as being fed an omnivorous diet, but today I have found that I no longer need animals in my diet. The Vegetarian Times recently found that out of the 311 million people in the US, 7.3 million eat a vegetarian based diet and 22.8 million eat a vegetarian inclined diet. Over the past century people have begun looking into the health implications of plant based diets as a way of improving their health and increase their longevity. This research paper is intended to inform the reader of the nutrients required by a US adult, ages 18-35, and prove that a plant based diet meets those nutrient requirements. This journey began for myself over a year ago and while continue for decades to come while plant based diets began with the birth of mankind and will continue as long as we continue to live. Definitions associated with plant based diets Vegetarianism has been around since the beginning of mankind, however as society has progressed so have plant based diets. Today the term plant based diet can be confusing because of the varying levels of animal consumption in an individual’s diet. The first definitions that will be examined are plant based foods and an omnivorous diet. Plant based foods are those foods which consist of â€Å"†¦fruit[s] and vegetables, nuts, natural vegetable oils, and whole grains†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (â€Å"sharecare†) An omnivorous diet is one which is based on the consumption of both animal products (red meat, poultry, fish, etc.) and plant foods. Due to the fact that plant based diets have changed and now incorporate varying levels of animal consumption there is a need to define the levels so that confusion can be avoided. The four categories of plant based diets are ovo-lacto vegetarianism, pescetarianism, lacto vegetarianism and total-vegetarianism. Ovo-lacto vegetarianism is when an individual consumes primarily plant based foods while still consuming eggs and dairy products. (Null 4) Pescetarianism is a diet which abstains from consuming land animals and birds while still consuming seafood as a support to a primarily plant based diet. (â€Å"Pescetarian Life†) Lacto vegetarianism is a diet which contains dairy products like an ovo-lacto diet except eggs are no longer consumed. A total vegetarianism diet is a one which consists of only plant foods and abstains from any animal product such as, â€Å"meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy products, and honey.† (Null 4)The research presented in this will focus on a total-vegetarian diet because it allows for the least variables and is the diet which most studies use because of the limited variables. Nutrients required by the human body which are viewed by many as scarce in a plant based diet The human body is a complex system which requires the support of nutrients which are provided by the food individual’s consume and then absorb into their bodies. In order to look at the ability of a plant based diet to support an 18-35 year old person’s nutritional needs we will first examine those most basic nutrients required by a human. This section of the paper will look at the following nutrients; carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, calcium, and vitamin B12. Carbohydrates The term carbohydrate refers to the naturally occurring molecules which consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. This molecule is used throughout the animal kingdom as the most abundant and â€Å"†¦least expensive source of energy.† (Guthrie 35) The idea of being an inexpensive source of energy refers to the fact that carbohydrates are easily broken down by the human digestive system which converts them into glucose. The belief that carbohydrates present the most abundant source of energy while still being nutritious can be misleading due to the two main types of carbohydrates, simple and complex. Simple carbohydrates are present in most diets in the form of fructose (sweet sugars), sucrose (table sugar), maltose and lactose. (Driskell 29) These simple carbohydrates are easily broken down, converted into glucose for the body and easily flow into the blood stream. The downside to this form of carbohydrates is that they are most common in the form of refined sugars or refine d flours which retain very few vitamins after being processed. (â€Å"HealthStyle Fitness†) As the body uses this form of glucose a cycle begins which involves fluctuations of high and low blood sugar. This cycle works when blood sugar rises after the consumption of simple carbs and then as the blood sugar begins to drop the body demands more simple carbs to bring blood sugar levels back to up. The cycle that is formed essentially keeps the body from burning body fat because there is a continuous demand and consumption of simple carbohydrates. The second form of carbohydrates is that of complex carbohydrates which consist of polysaccharides, three or more monosaccharides. These complex carbs are found in the form of starch, fiber and glycogen (animal starch). Those complex carbohydrates consumed in the form of starch are found in plant foods like corn, wheat, potatoes, cereals, pastas, and beans. When they are broken down these carbs allow for the slow production and release of glucose into the blood stream and allowing for a consistent blood sugar level. (Guthrie 27) Dietary fiber is another form of complex carbs which are present in plant foods because fiber is â€Å"†¦the structural framework of plants.† (Driskell 29) The presence of dietary fiber allows for the slow breakdown of starches because the human body lacks the enzyme necessary to break down most forms of fiber. (Driskell 29) The last form of complex carbohydrates is glycogen which is found in animal muscles and livers. Simply put, simple carbohydrates are easily broken down and absorbed by the human body but poses few vitamins while complex carbohydrates are broken down slowly by the human body allowing for stable blood sugar levels. Proteins Another macronutrient group is that of proteins or on a more basic level, amino acids. When people take in proteins they are in fact consuming strings of amino acids which are broken down and then put together in varying structures to be used to â€Å"†¦construct tissue proteins, hormones, enzymes and other substances crucial to our existence.† (Kimball 49) The human body has the ability to produce most of the amino acids required for existence while some amino acids, called essential amino acids, cannot be produced in the quantity required for life support. Proteins are commonly viewed as complete proteins which supply all amino acids required by the human body, both essential and nonessential amino acids. The most common source of complete proteins is animal foods because animal muscle already possesses all amino acids required for tissue growth. (Guthrie 85) This perception of requiring complete proteins in order to consume the required amount of proteins is not the on ly way of reaching this daily goal. Fat One nutrient which accounts for nearly 41% of the American diet today is fat in either its natural or its altered state. (Guthrie 45) Throughout human history having excess fat was seen as a sign of wealth and power because those who could afford to be fat were those people who did not have to work for a living. Over the years this has become a social factor because fat has the attribute of altering food’s flavor and in a sense addicting people to it’s’ taste. However fat has two main factors in the human body other than making foods palatable and those factors are as stored energy and supporting healthy cell structures. The interesting fact that is misconstrued is that the essential fatty acids are everywhere in the news are not the main contributor to these factors, instead, â€Å"Highly unsaturated fatty acids are even more physiologically active in the body than essential fatty acids and†¦are needed for the formation of healthy cell membranes.† (C arlson 31) One of the reasons why the human body requires fat for the formation of cell membranes is because as people move they need their cells to move with them. If people had rigid cell membranes like plants we wouldn’t be able to breath much less walk down the street. In addition to aiding in cell membranes composition, fat is also used as energy reserves within the human body so that when food consumption does not meet energy requirements then the body can burn fat as a source of energy. (Guthrie 56) The reason why fat is used as a reserve for energy is because when one gram of fat is burned for energy it creates 9 calories of energy as opposed to carbohydrates and proteins which produces 4 calories per gram. Overall fat is a required part of the human diet because of its use in cell productions as well as a source of energy reserves for everyday life. Fiber Fiber has recently hit the news as a required part of the human diet not because it was recently discovered but because people have been consuming far too little. Dietary fiber can be described as the, â€Å"†¦portion of consumed plant material that is resistant to degradation by the enzymes of the small intestine.† (Carlson 51) The reason why consuming enough fiber is important is because when people eat complex carbs they are taking in fiber which allows for a consistent blood sugar level. However as carbohydrates are refined they are stripped of not only their vitamin content but also of their fiber content. When fibers are striped from carbohydrates it makes intestinal passage time faster and those vitamins and macronutrients present do not have enough time to be absorbed into the body. Another reason why rigid fibers are required in the human diet is to keep the intestines clear. As humans consume non-fibrous material it tends to collect along the sides of the intestinal tract and leave layers of buildup similar to plaque in arteries. The reason why fiber is needed is to keep food from building up because the buildup can limit the ability of the intestines to absorb those nutrients which are consumed. (Calloway 145) Fiber is one of the requirements which many people do not think about because they cannot simply eat a handful of fiber, instead people must make sure to incorporate it in their diets. Calcium Most of the American culture is told to drink milk so that they can consume the amount of calcium required for strong bones and healthy living. This urge to consume calcium is spurred by the thought that in order to maintain healthy bone structure people must consume enormous amounts of calcium. This concept may be true in those people still growing during their early years and for people over the age of 50 whose bones begin to release more and more calcium, however most college students do not require excessive amounts of calcium. Once people are around 18-20 their bones either cease to grow or slow down to the point of millimeters and then calcium is used in blood plasma as a key ingredient for clotting as well as a required element for muscle contraction. (Calloway 149) Another misconception is that calcium is released directly into the blood stream for use after digestion when in fact calcium used in the blood is taken from our bones and ingested calcium merely replaces the lost calcium. Nutrients required by the human body which are viewed by many as scarce in a plant based diet and where they can found in plant based foods The most common misconception that people have about plant based diets is that they will not consume enough nutrients required for their overall health. This misconception is false in all fields except vitamin B12. A plant based diet provides the human body with enough carbohydrates, proteins, fats, calcium, and fiber for a more than healthy lifestyle. The following section will provide the sources of nutrients described above for persons who consume a plant based diet. Carbohydrate The most important source of energy in a plant based diet is that of carbohydrates because all plant based foods present carbohydrates. The important factor which most persons living on a plant based diet acknowledge is that complex carbohydrates are the basis of all meals because of the longevity of the calories consumed. Instead of eating all fruits, which are mostly simple carbohydrates, total vegetarians eat other plant foods. These foods, which consist of fiber, increases the time complex carbs remain in the intestinal track and increase the time required for digestion. An example is the consumption of serving of black berries compared to a serving of oatmeal. The black berries will break down quickly and cause the person’s blood sugar to spike. The oatmeal on the other hand will remain in the person’s stomach for a greater period of time and also stay in the intestines for longer allowing for the same amount of calories consumed as in the black berries to be relea sed into the blood stream slowly. Protein The next major requirement of a plant based diet is protein or more specifically amino acids. One of the major misconceptions in America is that proteins only exist in animal foods because protein is used to grow muscle so therefore eating muscle provides the ingredients to support muscle. This is interesting because the largest land animals in the world are those which consume only plants and they maintain the greatest muscle mass known to man. Amino acids are present in all plants, however, not all amino acids are present at the same time meaning that plants do not contain complete proteins. However, â€Å"†¦when grains and beans are consumed together, their amino acid profiles complement each other and produce a mix that is ‘complete’ and therefore a good match to the body’s needs.† (Norris 15) This means that while plant based foods do not contain complete proteins in themselves they do create complete proteins when consumed with additional plant based foods. This concept is supported by developing nations where diets consist primarily of plant foods and yet these people consume enough proteins. (Guthrie 82) Most sources agree that when the proper amount of calories are consumed for an individual the person in question is also taking in enough protein because of the combination of amino acids throughout the plant world. Fats Fats are the second most over consumed major nutrient after proteins because in an omnivorous diet fat is in all animal products. Most fat that is consumed directly from animal products are â€Å"†¦invisible fat, including that marbled throughout meat fibers, in finely divided form either emulsified in egg yolk or homogenized in whole milk, or found as a constituent of whole-grain cereals and nuts.† (Guthrie 45) In addition to these direct animal fats there has been an increase in the amount of fats consumed in the form of vegetable oils, which are becoming a staple in today’s society thanks to fast food chains. This last fact points out that reducing the amount of fat in one’s diet cannot be isolated to the reduction of animal foods but is instead connected to a healthy diet in general where oils are reduced so that they do not dominate one’s fat intake. In addition to the oil concept, society has suggested that consuming only essential fatty acids i s required while research has found little evidence proving health benefits substantial enough to eliminate additional fats from one’s diet. (Norris 52) Fiber Fiber is one nutrient which is overly simple to find in plant based foods because the majority of fibers out there today are plant based. When people eat enough complex carbohydrates they are also consuming their required amount of fiber, â€Å"the typical American omnivorous diet contains only about 10-20 grams of fiber daily†¦most vegans consume 25-50 grams per day.† (Carlson 52). The only factor which people should look at when preparing their plant based meals is to not cook their foods to long because fiber can be broken down when enough heat is present for a long enough period of time. Calcium and Vitamin B12 Calcium and Vitamin B12 are two nutrients which require people to pay attention to the foods that they eat in order to meet dietary requirements. Those people who live on a plant based diet should make sure to incorporate dark greens in their diet because these are the main source of calcium which they should be eating. In fact, â€Å"†¦kale, collards, broccoli, and turnip greens†¦Ã¢â‚¬  can provide as much as 50%of our daily calcium requirements. (Norris 43) This means that by eating one serving of these vegetables someone has the ability to meet their calcium requirements because, â€Å"†¦even omnivores get as much as 40 percent of their calcium from plant foods.† (Nollin 42) On the other hand, vitamin B12 is more difficult to get by eating plant foods because the bacteria which produce it are found in animals and their feces. Therefore most total vegetarians take a supplement to ensure they are getting enough B12 if they don’t already consume fortifi ed plant foods like fortified soy milk or fortified cereals. Conclusion A vegetarian lifestyle has the ability to supply all required components of a nutritious diet required by an 18-35 year old American. The section on carbohydrates highlights the importance of a diet composed of complex carbohydrates and few simple carbohydrates primarily because of the complex carbs retention of vitamins. After reading the sections on protein the reader can now see how a plant based diet provides just as much protein as an omnivorous diet because of the compounding amino acids present in plant foods. Plant based diets also meet fat needs because of the fat content in nuts and vegetable oils. Therefore living on a plant based diet allows for nutritional needs of human beings to be met without including the consumption of animal products. Bibliography â€Å"Pescetarian Life.† Pescetarian Life. N.p., 2007. Web. 14 May 2012. . â€Å"What are the benefits of a vegetarian diet?.† sharecare. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2012. . Adams, Mike. â€Å"Red meat consumption doubles risk of colon cancer, says study; is it time to go vegetarian yet?.† NaturalNews. N.p., Calkins, Brian. â€Å"Simple Sugars vs. Complex Carbs.† HealthStyle Fitness. N.p., 2012. Web. 14 May 2012. Calloway, Doris, George Briggs, and Bogert L. . Nutrition and Physical Fitness . Eighth. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, 1966. Carlson, Peggy. The Complete Vegetarian:The essential guide to good health. Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009. Guthrie , Helen. Introductory Nutrition. Fourth. St. Louis: C. V. Mosby Company, 1979. Hu, Frank. â€Å"Plant-based foods and prevention of cardiovascular disease: an overview.† The American Journal of Clincal Nutrition. N.p., 09/2003. Web. 14 May 2012. Kimball, Chad. Vegetarian Sourcebook : Basic Consumer health Information About Vegetarian Diets, Lifestyle, and Philosophy. 1st Ed. Detroit: Omnigraphics, 2002. Norris, J., and V. Messina. Vegan for life: Everything you need to know to be healthy and fit on a plant-based diet. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press, 2011. Null, Gary. The Vegetarian Handbook: Eating right for total health. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.

Professional development opportunities Assignment

Professional development opportunities - Assignment Example The website listed above focuses on the ethics and responsibilities that aviation professionals have in their daily work.   It is mainly geared towards those teaching aviation, however, the information contained on the site is helpful for anyone in the field. This site focuses on all aspects of aviation work, not just pilots, so it is relevant to all who work in the aviation industry.   The SAFE organization, Society of Aviation and Flight Educators, offers a variety of useful information on their site.   You can read current aviation news, learn about professional development opportunities, purchase liability insurance, read the organization’s meeting minutes, learn their code of ethics and even learn about mentoring opportunities.   The website also gives information on available scholarships for many different areas of education.   On the website, you can also sign up to have their email newsletter sent to you.   Their newsletter will keep you up to date on curr ent initiatives within the aviation industry and will keep you posted on how you can get involved if you so choose.   I believe this site, is a high quality resource for many different areas, but the main focus is on professionalism, ethical behavior and professional development.   This is an active group, so this website is continually updated, making it a good resource to return to as opposed to just reading one time.     This organization does encourage you to become a member of SAFE.  

Fawlty towers hotel group Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Fawlty towers hotel group - Essay Example If all the three other than basil are on one side then it will be the majority. If Basil gets support of any on of the remaining three, then these two can be termed as majority according to the shares they hold. Element 1: Now let us discuss about the possibilities of the transactions Basil want to do. He was holding 40% of the share in the company and wishes to retain as much capital as possible from it with out disturbing its financial structure and security. This implies that he was not willing to retain his investment from the cash reserves of the company or by disposing the assets held by the company. Moreover he needs another person to support his decision of selling his shares. As his wife Sybil is holding 20% shares and was in support of his decision he gets majority of 60% share holding for the proposed disinvestment. Now the question lies in the manner the deal to be followed. There is no obstacle for the disinvestment of 15% of the shares as his wife is willing to buy them by paying half of the amount from her own savings and other by taking loan from the company or from the bank. Here also the practicality and legality lies between these two persons only. The company is a privat e owned firm, the buying of shares in that company involves the inquiry of encumbrances by the buyer. As the buyer is a partner of the company she must be aware of the financial status of the company. Despite being like that, still if there is a need to advice on that we have to consider, then it is the financial status of the company. It was mentioned that Sybil was planning to take loan from the company or from bank on the company guarantee. This proves that the company is having strong fundamentals, which involve sufficient cash reserves along with fixed and current assets dominating short term and long term liabilities. So the hurdles regarding financial matters were cleared. Sybil can acquire 15% of the shares from Basil with one half by her own savings and the other half by a loan from the company or from the Bank. The decision needs approval of share holders holding at least 51% of the company's shares. As both Basil and Sybil are together holding 60% of the shares it can be approved with no objections. (If objections are there from the other two partners, they cannot be considered as these two constitute the majority of the share holdings). Element 2: This element seems to face some obstacles in completing. Rose Mary wants to buy further 5% of the shares from Basil on a condition that in two years the company should buy all of her shares, which may amount to 25% of the total shares. This needs the approval of all the share holders of the company or a majority of them. Here again, Basil and Rosemary constitute majority share holding to take a decision. But Basil is keen on not disturbing the financial structure of the company. Within two years if the company is not having enough cash reserves ( as Rose Mary wants) to buy the Rose Mary's share, which constitutes 25% of the total value of the company (the holding of her if she buys further 5% from Basil's shares), the financial structure of the company will be disturbed and that was against the wish of Basil in case of his disinvestment. This may not be possible because after distributing the profits to the partners there may not be enough cash to buy the 25% of the

The Creation of the Bill of Rights and U.S. Constitution Research Paper

The Creation of the Bill of Rights and U.S. Constitution - Research Paper Example This current status comes from the original decision of the founders of the USA to formulate and adopt a Constitution and a Bill of Rights for what was then the Union, in order to begin the country that is today the United States of America. The Constitution was adopted in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, by the Constitutional Convention, on September 17, 1787 (Spaeth & Smith, 1991, p.1). Today the Constitution acts as the most powerful law in the USA, controlling the Federal Government, its relationship with State Governments, the Courts and the citizens of the USA, as well as non-citizens living within the US (For Know-It-Alls, 2008, p.2). It established the three branches of government – in the first three Articles of the Constitution – and also the federal system by which the USA is governed. In addition to the total Constitution, the first ten Amendments to the Constitution form the Bill of Rights, which limit the power of the Federal Government, and give basic human ri ghts, such as of property ownership and freedom of speech, association and other liberties, to the citizens of the USA (AmericansGoverning.org, website). These Amendments were proposed to the First United Stated Congress by James Madison and adopted by the House of Representatives on August 21, 1789 (Spaeth & Smith, 1991, p.22). ... ution the loose union of States tied together by the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union (For Know-It-Alls, 2008, p.3), but the individual States were not adhering to the rules of the Confederation, particularly in terms of money: they were not contributing to the national budget – and by 1786, the budget really just consisted of foreign debt which could not be paid by the Union (AmericansGoverning.org, website). In addition to this, the threats from international powers and from pirates, even, were making it clear that the Union was not functioning as an effective nation. Often, individual States were not attending Confederation meetings and not acting together in any meaningful way. Individual States were violating the peace treaty between Great Britain and the United States (The Treaty of Paris, 1783). States could not pay for defense and no real defense force could be raised on a federal level. All of these circumstances meant that Congress had become extremely i neffectual and legislation and all decision-making were being hampered severely. State representatives were not arriving at Congress – for five months up to April 1786, for example, there had been only three days when nine States – the number required to pass any proposal – were present in Congress. At the same time, as mentioned, States were acting unilaterally in international relations, and within their own legislatures, completely independently of Congress. In short, the Congress was no longer the government (Spaeth & Smith, 1991, p.15-18). Thus in September 1786, the plans were made to meet in Philadelphia in order to amend the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union in the hope that the Union could be more effectively structured, and begin to function as a nation. By June 16,

Brief of Maple Farms, inc vs City school district of Elmira Case Study

Brief of Maple Farms, inc vs City school district of Elmira - Case Study Example Maple Farms signed a contract with the â€Å"City School District of the City of Elmira† to supply milk at a fixed cost. They settled to supply the milk to â€Å"City School District of the City of Elmira† (defendant) for the year 1973 to 1974. This was in accordance to the agreement on15th June 1973 at a fixed price of 0759 dollars for every half pint. During that time the mandated cost of raw milk was 8.03 dollars per cwt where the United States Department of Agriculture was in control of the milk at the farm. The change in the market was not contemplated by the plaintiff as they had committed to a Fixed Price Contract with the defendant (Miller 19). The farm was aware that the milk price was liable to change, but there was not any clause included to excuse it. Marple Farm was, therefore, found in a hard situation when the milk prices inflated. In the year 1973 there was a tremendous increase in the milk price of 9.5% from the date the contract was signed. The plaintiff, therefore, requested the defendant to relieve them of the contract as they were incurring huge losses but the defendant refused. The farm stated in details that they would incur a loss of $7,350.55 if they continued supplying the same amount of raw milk (Miller 64). Marple farm was sued for Declaratory Judgment that performance was not practical with the agreed price but the court still held them responsible for the sale of the milk to the school. The plaintiff claims further that The Federally Sponsored Milk Lunch, would further decrease the price of the milk hence increasing the losses. The defendant was still not willing to cancel the contract even after the request (Miller 14). The legal basis of the plaintiff to be relieved of the contract is in the doctrine of the Uniform Commercial Code. It considered as "impossibility of performance,"

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations Term Paper

Business Entities, Laws, and Regulations - Term Paper Example This paper intends to look at different business scenarios and the regulations required by the government for one to run the business. Restaurant A restaurant is a place where people visit to get refreshment and get some delicious meals. In some restaurants, the proprietors can introduce other entertainment facilities to offer best sites for recreation. Miriam, Jose, and Luo plan to open up a restaurant that will offer recreational activities like watching of a large screen while enjoying. There are different types of partnership that the business entrepreneurs can form and run their businesses as a group. For example, they can form a General partnership or a limited partnership. General partners will work closely together every day and share all the responsibilities of the business. General partnership does not have any liability protection (Hillman, 1997). This means that all members are responsible for any loss that the company may incur (Howard, 2004). On the other hand, limited partnership has some of the members actively participating in the daily running of the business while others remain dormant and deal with duties not related to the business enterprise. These dormant partners may contribute some amount of capital to enable the business run. They then share the profit that the business gets through the agreed procedure. It is very possible for the three to open up their enterprise and run according to their wish. In this context, they will form a general partnership whereby Miriam does not have ample time to stay at the restaurant frequently, investigative partner, while the other two will be the managing partners. Formation of a general partnership for Miriam, Joe, and Luo can be completed through a certain procedure. First, they must be more than one person, they must be business partners, they should be co-owners of the business and the business must be for income generating purpose only (Drinker, 2002). Since Miriam has enough capital and the othe r two can work at the restaurant, it is possible for them to share the returns that arise from their work. Each person reports only the share of the total business profit on his or her returns. This is because partner ships do not have any tax liability. Thus, each individual is required by law to file a report with the government to explain all profits and losses that arise from the partnership. This is to enable the government to trace the partner’s tax on income. In the second scenario, Tara and Akiva want to start a birth centre for the expectant mothers to get services. The two have the obligation to come together and form a general partnership where they will be able to share all the profits and losses together in the course of running the business. It indicates that the business will have unlimited liabilities. Akiva and Tara will have to share responsibilities to enable smooth running of the business. Since this is a general partnership, it is necessary for the two to agree on how to handle issues of the birth centre (Hillman, 1997). Tara can be involved in employment and employee management while Akiva can deal with patients and their issues. The partners expect to take up a large loan to provide the business with the capital required. It law requires that Akiva and Tara should have a document that indicate they are in partnership. They must have minutes of their meeting

American government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

American government - Essay Example The ruling which opened the floodgates to unlimited corporate and union spending in elections was a major victory for the groups which wanted to participate in the campaign process but had been barred from doing so by the laws. On top of that the Supreme Court ruled that donors need not to be disclosed and so it will be no longer be possible to tell which interest groups are funding which politicians. I do not agree with the Supreme Court’s ruling on this matter. By allowing the groups to give their independent contributions in the campaigns then they will be acting to manipulate the will of the people as with such funding they will be able to impose the candidate that they want to be voted for against the other candidates. This cannot be protected as free speech on the above argued basis. The contributions the groups make towards the campaigns should be regulated and the names of the contributors should be made public so that they can shy off from such expedition. By concentrating on the super PAC Stephen Colbert wanted to raise unlimited sums of money from corporations, unions and other groups as well as wealthy individuals. He specified that the money raised would not only be used for political ads but also for normal administrative expenses which would include private jet travels, hotel stays, and PAC mementos from Saks Fifth Avenue and Neiman Marcus. In this way Colbert was able to raise $1.02 million in their January 2012 filing with the Federal Election Commission (FEC). The decision and the resulting Super PACs have the potential to increase one’s ability to influence elections. By having the money it means that the best strategies will be put into place and this will definitely have a positive impact on the results of the election. The increased amount of money drawn from outside sources will change the face of politics and the results as well. The groups funding the candidates will also have a say once the

Performance management and rewards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Performance management and rewards - Essay Example extremely essential to retain the human resources of the organization so as to enhance its productivity and brand value in the market among other rival players. This essay is divided into four phrases mainly highlighting the importance of retention as well as the ways to increase the rate of retention of the employees in the organization. Along with this, the retention strategy is also devised in order to reduce the ratio of attrition of the Hertfordshire-based SME so as to amplify its reputation and efficiency in the market among others. It is the process by which, employees are retained within the organization for longer period of time so as to enhance its image and productivity. Due to which, retention is recognised as the most important tactic of talent management process. So, it is offered higher attention by the organizational entrepreneurs in this competitive age (Cannon & McGee, 2011). Retention of an employee within an organization is essential as it acts as its driving force. This is because it helps in introduction of varied types of inventive products and services thereby satisfying the changing requirements of the customers. As a result of which, it enhances the reliability and trust of the customers towards the brand thereby amplifying its position and dominance in the market among others (Finnegan, 2010, pp. 556-561). Not only this, employee retention also gears the goodwill of the organization to a significant extent thereby amplifying its cost of profit margin and net income. In addition, employee re tention also helps in regaining the efficiency and effectiveness of the organization, long term success and profitability and improvement of turnovers. Thus it might be stated that retention of employees might enhance customer satisfaction, improve total sales cost and amplify returns of the Hertfordshire-based SME. The term retention seems easy, but it’s extremely hard. This is mainly due to various reasons presented. Lack of appreciation is one of

Why I Study Biology Essay Example for Free

Why I Study Biology Essay Biology is fascinating in itself. It teaches us all the ways of life not just from a mankind perspective but through all living things, whether, human species, plants etc. I personally study biology because I want to discover the creation and functions of all living things in the world. Being a Psychology major means studying the mind and in order to better understand the human mind, you have to know the basics in the ways of life and how to incorporate the science of human nature into why people react to life differently, culture, religion, politics, etc. All of these factors are taken into consideration into Biology. This semester was extremely challenging for me, and there were a lot of factors that contributed to my inability to study as hard as I know I am cable of. Had my first child this year, was abandoned by my son’s father to raise my son by myself. To make matters worse, I had some medical complications with my health. I was diagnosed with a Pulmonary Embolism. This news was devastating to me. I was hospitalize for a long time and was so depressed. With all of my problems at hand I had to go to work and work 40 hours a week just so I could support me and my son. With all of these devastating experiences in my life, studying seemed impossible to accomplish the way I wanted to. I was constantly in and out of the hospital, worried about my health and trying to get well. Today I am still recovering and believing that God will bring me peace and happiness in me and my son’s life. Some things I could have done better in studying would be that I could have taken my studies to work with me and studied on my lunch. I never did this because I only had an hour to get lunch and eat and I always thought that if I did this I would end of being late coming back from lunch. Another thing I believe would have helped me study better this semester is a strong support team. I did not have many people to help me like I needed. If I had someone to assist me while I studied I could have been a lot more successful. Instead I had to study and care for my son and that was difficult. Finally, when I think about my future in continuing with my courses, I know that I have to study even when I am tired. One bad habit that I had was when my son was sound asleep; I would try to get a few hours asleep as well so that I could be rested for work the next day. One thing I could have done to help me be more successful is to push myself just a little harder, and I ultimately believe I did not push myself to the max because I was so concerned about my health and stress was a trigger for me to feel sickly and I was so overwhelmed with everything going on in my life. What I hope to accomplish in the future is to be successful in my studies and to obtain my BA in Psychology and get my master’s as well. I have learned one thing through everything that I have been through. I reasoned with life from this analogy, life is like a game of baseball, anything that life pitches at you, it is you that have to ready to swing at any time. Whether it’s a fast ball, trick ball or curve ball, you have to prepare yourself for victory. If your just focus getting a home run, whether you struggle getting there or not, what matters is that you give your best to win.

Risk Management Plan in Healthcare

Risk Management Plan in Healthcare Cyrill Hannah A. de Leon Introduction Risk Management is known as the process and system of distinguishing risks, assessing risks and planning approaches to regulate risks. In this growing business industry, risk management plan and business core analyses are essential and integral parts of a business plan. Each company or organisation must be aware of the possible potential risks that may arise within the organisation for it to be prepared if ever an unavoidable problem occurs and discover ways to reduce the effects if ever such problem takes place. There are different types of risks from one business to another. Risk Management plan follows a systematic process. It must describe the strategies of dealing the risks that is particular to the business. Risk Management is essential in scheming, observing and reducing unfortunate events that will impact the business. Each organisation has its own risk management. Healthcare Risk Management provides its own standards in delivering quality healthcare, ensuring patient safety and avoiding unfortunate consequences thus, carrying effective, efficient, and high quality patient care to clients. The Purpose of Risk Management within an Enterprise. Risk Management is very essential in determining the possible problems that may arise in each organisation and for it to be equipped with risk precautions in order to manage and tolerate adverse effects. Quality management has always been important when we speak of the service division. This is specifically true with healthcare. In a healthcare setting, there are numerous risks that are prevalent like risk among the staff, risk among the patients or even risk among the entire organisation. Thus, it is very important for each organisation to have risk managers who will assess, monitor and respond to each risk to minimize exposure of risks that may be a threat to the organisation. As a healthcare provider, our main concern is the safety of our patients. In order for us to deliver the best quality healthcare to our clients, healthcare professionals specifically health care managers must work reactively and proactively to minimize any damage that may occur in the future or prevent any ma lpractice. (The University of Scranton, 2014) The Benefits of Risk Management within an Enterprise Development and implementing of Risk Management is relative in each organisation. It is a continuous process that transpires not only in the beginning but all throughout the entire process itself. The benefits of Risk Management includes: (Grow Indiana Media Ventures (LLC), 2014) Awareness of Risks With the help of risk management process, the organization may be able to assess and identify the potential risks that may occur within the enterprise. In this way, managers may be able to weigh the severity of the risk and provide measures to solve the problem. It is the responsibility of those in higher positions or the enterprise managers to allocate time to it’s staff to let them be aware of the hazardous risks and the corresponding approach. Reduction of Financial Risk Every company’s aim is to gain profit. It is the prerogative of each company to develop risk management plan to evaluate the risk that may affect the market, operational services and other related circumstances. Risk management will also help to better manage the costs and the visibility of risks to the economic condition. It will also aid in the management of financial stability of the company thus avoiding any chance financial instability or worst, bankruptcy. Improved Attention and Communication of Risk This provides a standardised context of risks for all the members within an organization. It is very important that each organization should communicate among every department regarding the status of the company and communicate up from the senior management down to its labor workers regarding risk information within the operations of the company and discuss insights on how to properly manage risks to develop an effective approach to minimize risks. Avoid Future Problems Risk management will enable the company to foresee the possible glitches that may occur in the company. With the aid of risk management, every company will be prepared on how to face these problems and minimizing or reducing financial costs. With this awareness, proper management will be implemented and it’s objective in controlling risks will be observed. Risk management enables to reduce or eliminate financial risk through a cost effective approach and proper intervention with the execution of a contingency plan that will aid in reducing risks that the company shall face. Risk Management Components in relation to the overall role of the Risk Management. Reviewing of Activities and Internal Environment In this evolving world, the healthcare industry faces a number of issues regarding the reform of healthcare. Risk management in the field of healthcare is very important in achieving its goals and objectives and constructing plans in delivering quality healthcare to its clients. Risks in the internal environment of a healthcare institution is observed where standards should be observed in order to ensure the safety of the clients and to avoid jeopardizing their welfare. Risk Management in healthcare organizations focuses on patient safety and ensuring that clients receive the effective and efficient quality healthcare. The following are the risks in the internal environment of a healthcare industry: Machines/Equipments There are certain healthcare facilities that lack equipment or machines due to lack of resources or funds or due to unavailability because of certain damage or defect. The use of defective diagnostic machines may produce unreliable reults. This may jeopardize the treatment process of clients like for example, a patient with pneumonia may need to have an chest xray examination. If the xray machine would be unavailable or is damaged, the treatment process of the client may be delayed due to the inaccessibility of the diagnostics that will support the diagnosis of the disease. Staffing of Personnel In as much as each healthcare provider would like to give the best quality healthcare to it’s clients, it’s is unavoidable that the workplace will be understaffed or overstaffing. But among the two, understaffing would likely affect the services that will be rendered to the clients. Whenever there is a lack of manpower, services are usually hampered and clients may most likely not receive suffer. The hiring of unskilled staff may also jeopardize the safety of clients. It’s the responsibility of the human resource department to properly screen newly hired personnel and provide them with basic training whenever someone will be hired in the company in order to ensure that they provide the best quality care that each client deserve. There are also incidents wherein services may be hampered due to absences of staff from work. Setting objectives Setting objectives for Risk Management: The first step regarding risk management is Risk assessment. Risk assessment should be recorded, systematic and reviewed regularly. In this step, management committee will identify the potential risks that the company will be facing then manage the major risks that will arise. Identifying the risk whether it will just be a minor or major threat to the organisation. Determine what might happen when this potential risk will be observed in the organisation Analyse the level of the risk whether it will just be a minor or better yet a major issue and reviewing the controls into the system and the possible likelihood or the consequences that may occur when the risk will be observed. Evaluate the severity of the risk and then rank the risks. Communication within the organisation is very important because this will give awareness to the people and will enable them to discuss further what are the possible ways of minimizing the risk within the organisation Treat the risks by identifying the options, selecting the best responses, developing risk treatment plans and implementing them within the organisation. In this way, it will give them the assessment whether goals have been met. Event identification There are internal or external events that may affect the risk management plan or strategies. In the healthcare setting, an example of an internal event that may affect the organisation is technical risk. If I will relate it to the healthcare, almost all hospitals use the patient information system in supporting the patient care process through computer based patient records, patient care systems and patient classification systems. This system provides the necessary details in order to properly manage clients according to their specific needs. If for instance there will come a time that the software may fail, this will surely affect the entire organisation. It may affect the function of the organisation in keeping track of the record of the patient. Thus, it is very important that each organisation should not only be reliable to software programs. They must also keep hard copies of each patient record to serve as standby file of their records. In this way, patient care may not be jeo pardized. In the external events, there are uncontrollable situations or events that occur outside the organisation causing a great impact like natural calamities such as floods, earthquakes, fire. These events may affect the organisation in such manner that there will be a great possibility that the staff may not be able to work and the company will suffer because it will lack manpower thus, production may be put risk and profit will be minimized. Risk assessment with particular reference to the impact and likelihood of risk Each organisation follows its own policies and regulations. Orientation of the staff is very important to decrease the likelihood of risk. For example in a healthcare setting, the administration should orient its staff for them to be aware of the policies within the organisation or better yet provide them with seminars, programs and trainings from time to time that will help them increase their knowledge, let them be aware of the up to date changes in the management and let them be equipped with the desired skills in case potential threat may arise in the company. Risk response plans Many organisations implement risk response plans that will help them avoid or control potential threats and apply the necessary risk management controls to a specific organisation. There are different ways on how to respond to specific risks. Few of the following are: Recognition In case of occurrence of any risk, each organisation must be able to accept and recognize the problem. With this, the team will be able to develop proper management plans in order to regulate risks. Control There are always risks in every organization. We know for a fact that it is unavoidable but with mitigation, this will reduce the probability and impact of risk in the organisation by taking some measures by the time the company faces the risk. For instance, companies may organize seminars that will help the team develop project management plans. Prevention In this, risk is eliminated by developing strategies even before the company will face the risk. This will also help in preventing major damage to the organisation. Risk Management strategies identifies external threats along with strategies that will aid in addressing each problem. Control activities Risk Control is the method by which the organisation evaluates the potential losses and takes the necessary action to reduce or eliminate the threat. It involves the implementation of standards and policies and managing procedural changes. Controlling risk management is the solution in maximizing profits in the business. Developing control activities will help in decreasing the risk of business failure and for the accomplishment of goals and objectives. Control activities that will decrease the likelihood of risk includes supervision of the team by the senior management in taking precautions in case a threat may be predisposed in the company. Reporting will also help in keeping the team updated on the latest strategies that will be useful in controlling the risk in the organisation. Information and communication Information and Communication should be observed within the organisation to help the team keep posted on what are the precautions that should be observed in case the company faces a threat. The top management plays a very influential role in the dissemination of information in the enterprise. It is the obligation of the top management to relay the necessary information down to the different departments of the organisation. Communication serves as a foundation in planning, organizing, motivating each team. It can be through verbal or written form such as memorandums, emails or forms. Communication and relaying of information is necessary in moulding the reputation of the organization. Correct dissemination of information within the organization will prompt customers to be loyal with the company and promote or boost the organization’s image and to its customers. Monitoring Monitoring is the process of implementing risk plans, tracking identified risks, monitoring residual risks, identifying new risks, and evaluating risk process effectiveness throughout the project. Regular monitoring enables the management to keep track of the risks and to foresee circumstances making the implementations effective and analysing the results of the plans. This includes the continual measurement and monitoring of risk environment and the performance of risk management strategies. Conclusion Risk management is important in an organisation because without it, a firm cannot possibly define its objectives for the future. If a company defines objectives without taking the risks into consideration, chances are that they will lose direction once any of these risks hit the organisation. Risk management is very essential in each organisation because it will help in preventing loss or even damage to the institution. The risk management plan should propose applicable and effective security controls for managing the risks. REFERENCES Grow Indiana Media Ventures (LLC). (2014). Benefits of Enterprise Risk Management. Retrieved from http://www.insideindianabusiness.com/contributors.asp?id=2148 The University of Scranton. (2014). The purpose of Risk Management in Healthcare. Retrieved from http://elearning.scranton.edu/resource/health-human-services/purpose-of-risk-management-in-healthcare Emergency Care Research Institute (ECRI). (2009). Healthcare Risk Control. Retrieved from https://www.ecri.org/documents/secure/risk_quality_patient_safety.pdf

Theodore Roosevelt: A Pioneer for the Environment Essay example -- Gre

I have always been fond of the West African proverb: â€Å"Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.† Theodore Roosevelt Theodore Roosevelt, the first Cowboy environmentalist. A man who would inspire generations of outdoorsmen to protect their local and national wilderness for their own children, so that they might one day hunt, fish, and hike those the same hillsides. Roosevelt was born in 1858 into a wealthy family with good connections in New York City. Since Theodore was a sickly kid, he spent a great part of his childhood on his own, collecting small wildlife specimens. He was motivated by a love of the outdoors, spending long hours observing and cataloging local insects and birds. He often described himself as lacking in education compared to other children, due to the fact that he spent so much time out of school. Yet at age nine he wrote an essay titled, â€Å"The Natural History of Insects.† He became a master at observation, a skilled hunter, and was clearly inspired by the amazing gifts of his outdoor world. Theodore overcame his childhood health issues, and was even a top boxer at Harvard. He graduated in 1880 and headed towards law school at Columbia - for a couple of terms. But the political life was calling to him, and he ditched Columbia to become a New York State assemblyman. One of the key lessons of Roosevelt took from his college years was that while a man must take individual responsibility for leading a good life and building his own future, all humans must have a collective responsibility for each other. Otherwise our society would risk disintegrating into â€Å"a riot of lawless business individualism which would be quite as destructive to real civilization as the lawless military individual... ...e have the knowledge that so many people who came before us lacked†¦ now we must muster the courage to use it. It’s time. Works Cited Donahue, Bill. â€Å"Beauty and the Badlands.† Sierra Mar. 2002: 34-43. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Dustin, Daniel L., and Ingrid E. Schneider. â€Å"Collaborative Conflict Resolution at Devils Tower National Monument.† P & R July 2001: 80-85. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Jensen, Mari N. â€Å"Coming of Age at 100: Renewing the National Wildlife Refuge System.† BioScience 53.4 (2003): 321-27. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Lewis, James G. â€Å"Roosevelt, Theodore.† Encyclopedia of World Environmental History. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009. Meine, Curt. â€Å"Roosevelt, Conservation, and the Revival of Democracy.† Conservation Biology 4 Aug. 2001: 829-31. Environment Complete. Web. 27 Oct. 2009.

The Advancement of The Machine Gun Essay -- Warfare

War has been a recurring part of America’s history for the past hundreds of years. From the 1700s to the present, America has gotten into numerous situations and turmoil, which eventually lead to the wars we currently study and know about today. Technological advancements in warfare were necessary and a great obligation during times of war. This was pursued with drastic improvement. From the transformation of the use of smoothbore muskets during the Civil War to the industrial revolution leading to weaponry innovations post civil war, the nature of warfare dramatically changed. These developments proved to be proficient in battle. In the midst of these hundreds of years, while many technological advances demonstrated to be efficient in battle, the machine gun was one of the most significant advancements in technology that changed the face of warfare through its transformation of operations and strategy. During the civil war before the introduction of the machine guns, union soldiers predominantly used smoothbore muskets. â€Å"The rifle’s low muzzle velocity and consequent high parabolic trajectory made for difficult long-range shooting, especially since soldiers engaged in little target practice and received virtually no training in estimating distances or in using the adjustable sights to compensate for the bullet’s curved flight. The tangled terrain of most battlefields—and the black powder smoke that engulfed every battle—often rendered enemy soldiers invisible until they were within smoothbore range† (Hess 288). This was assumed to be the reason of why the war was prolonged, and the combat losses were higher during the smoothbore era. Also with an ability of only firing a â€Å"maximum of three rounds per minute† (Howey), this rat... ...smith, Dolf L., and R. Blake. Stevens. The Devil's Paintbrush: Sir Hiram Maxim’s Gun. Toronto: Collector Grade Publications, 1989. Print. 2. Hess, Earl J. The Rifle Musket in Civil War Combat: Reality and Myth. Lawrence, Kan: University Press of Kansas, 2008. Print. 3. Howey, Allan W. "Weaponry: The Rifle-Musket and the Minià © Ball  » History Net." History Net. Weider History Group, Oct. 1999. Web. 12 May 2012. . 4. Lee, Loyd E. World War II. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1999. Print. 5. Popenker, Max R. "Modern Firearms - MachineGuns." Max R. Popenker, 1999-2010. Web. 10 May 2012. . 6. Simkin, John. "Machine-Gun." Spartacus Educational - Home Page. John Simkin. Web. 10 May 2012. .

Tennysons Use of Landscape as an Indication of Mood :: essays research papers

Tennyson’s poetry is renowned for reflecting a penetrating introspection and meditative expressiveness unsurpassed by other poets of his time. His explorations into a vast breadth of topics ranging from the political to the deeply personal reflect his multifarious enthusiasms, and his ability to reach out to his readers as well as probe the depths of psychological expression. ‘The Lady of Shalott’ and ‘Mariana’, two of his earliest poems, exemplify this ability to communicate internal states of mind through his use of scenery. Although Tennyson’s use of landscape indeed creates a strong vivid impression, I feel that it also serves a higher purpose: namely, to express the psychological state and mood depicted in the protagonists of the poems. As a child Tennyson was profoundly influenced by the poetry of Byron and Scott, Romantic poets celebrated for their presentations of emotional or psychological issues through natural imagery. This influence can be plainly seen in his poetry, none so much so as in ‘Mariana’ where he uses Keatsian descriptions of the surroundings to describe a woman’s state of mind. The subject of this poem is drawn from a line in Shakespeare’s Measure for Measure: ‘‘Mariana in the moated grange.’’ This describes a young woman waiting for her lover Angelo, who has abandoned her upon the loss of her dowry. From the outset Tennyson creates an impression of profound disrepair and decrepitude, the ‘sheds’ are left broken and abandoned, the thatch is ‘worn’ and covered in weeds. Everything is coated in rust, moss or dust, unmoving, inactive and still. This strong suggestion of stagnation recurs throughout, and is emphasized by the refrain of the poem: ‘She only said, ‘My life is dreary, He cometh not,’ she said, She said, ‘I am aweary, aweary, I would that I were dead!’ This acts almost as a confirmation of what the reader already suspects, that Mariana has been abandoned and the ‘grange’ with her, and expresses continuity without hope of change. His use of adjectives such as ‘lonely’, ‘ancient’, ‘level’ and ‘old’ throughout the poem poignantly express disrepair and isolation. This sense of dormancy Tennyson depicts draws a direct correlation with the psychological state of mind expressed in Mariana. He uses her surroundings to echo the fact that she is left in a constant state of perpetual, isolated brooding and that through her dejection all she sees appears equally miserable and ‘dreary’.

Lincoln: Democratic or Autocratic Essay

â€Å"Lincoln was one of the most democratic and also one of the most autocratic of presidents.† Abraham Lincoln was a very democratic president. He believed in the Union and would do anything to keep it together after the secession of the south that followed his election as president. However, to regain the entirety of the Union, he had to make some risky decisions that may have labeled him as autocratic. The fact that he was both democratic and autocratic is valid for the most part. However, the purpose of his tyrannical actions was to preserve the Union. Lincoln could be seen as democratic through his persistent drive to save the Union. After his election in 1860, the deep south seceded from the Union off of the belief that their rights were being violated. Then, following the events at Fort Sumter, the rest of the south seceded. Lincoln did everything in his power to try and regain peace in the country and save the Union from destruction. He stuck with the war for four long and bloody years while the Army of the Potomac was constantly struggling with defeat. If George McClellan had won the presidency, there would be negotiated peace. War would not have been sought out to bring back the southern states. Instead, there would be no guarantee that the south would even return to the Union. In addition, Lincoln did not believe in slavery. Even though he was still racist towards black, he saw the obvious immorality of the establishment. He fought for their freedom through his Emancipation Proclamation, which stated that all slaves in the C onfederacy were free from their masters. Lincoln fought for the preservation of the Union, a symbol of equality and democracy. He would protect it at any cost. With that, he also freed the slaves in the United States, which supported the idea of democracy he felt he needed to protect. Although Lincoln was a man of the people, he could also be considered as autocratic. But his tyrannical decisions and actions were not made for desire of power. He made them out of democratic intentions. Lincoln  suspended the Writs of Habeas Corpus in the area between Washington and Philadelphia, a bold move on his part. The Supreme Court even ruled this action unconstitutional, but Lincoln ignored it. Without putting much thought into it, this does seem unfair and unconstitutional. Put it was wartime, and not all the same rules apply. Lincoln made this decision for the benefit of the war effort. There were mob attacks on Union troops passing through Baltimore, so by suspending the writs, civilians supporting the Confederacy could be arrested and held without a trial. In addition, Lincoln expanded the size of the Union Army without congressional approvement. But of course, this was vital to the war, since this action allowed the North to outnumber the South. Also, the Emancipation Proclamation was considered unconstitutional by some. Lincoln pushed this act through that would free all the slaves in the Confederate territory without the vote from the states it would affect. But Lincoln’s reasoning behind this was that by making the war about slavery, it would prevent England and France from joining the fight, for if they did, it would be a lost cause for the North. In addition to this, Lincoln hoped that the free blacks would provide further trouble for the South. Not only would the freedom for all the South’s blacks completely shake their economy, they could also join the fight for their freedom. Lincoln did many things in extending his executive power that may have been seen as tyrannical and autocratic, but the reason he made these decisions was to protect and preserve the Union as a symbol and model of democracy. Abraham Lincoln was clearly democratic as he fought to maintain the Union as a whole. He was also the one responsible for the freedom of African Americans. And even though he did take some autocratic action during his presidency, it always had some benefit for the war effort, whether it was disrupting the Southern economy to make the anaconda plan work faster, or to detain Confederate sympathizers in the Union. Without Lincoln’s bold behavior, the war would never have been won. Without him, the Union would be broken.

Major Research Areas of Bioinformatics

Major Research Areas of Bioinformatics Engineering is a diverse discipline, which includes several different fields and different branches. One important branch of engineering is biomedical engineering that consists of the study and design of new technologies related to biology and medicine. The field of biomedical engineering is further divided into additional areas, one being bioinformatics.Bioinformatics is a special part of biomedical engineering that focuses mainly on the development and enhancement of approaches for the purpose of storing, retrieval, organization and analysis of different forms of biological data. The field includes the development of different software tools that provide biological knowledge and advancements. One major part of bioinformatics is research and thus we would discuss some of the major research areas of bioinformatics. Sequence analysis is a new and one of the most important research areas of bioinformatics.It is nothing but the study of the DNA and genome sequences of different organisms. The study of such sequences help in the comparison of genes and thus leads to the development of new approaches and new technologies for the development and use of genome sequences for different purposes and for the development of new species. These studies can even be used for the identification of causes and treatment options for genetic disorders. Evolutionary biology is another major research area that makes use of bioinformatics for further developments.Biology is no longer limited to theories and theoretical models and studies. Bioinformatics is used in different ways for calculating different aspects of biology, whether it is DNA sequencing or some other numbering. The research in computational evolutionary biology helps in examining the information related to different species and organisms that can be further used for the enhancement of the field into future developments. The study of protein expression is also a major research area for bioinformatics.The working of the human body or any other organism on earth is highly dependent on the way the proteins in their bodies work and function. Thus, an analysis of proteins present in the bodies of different organisms helps in better statistical and theoretical analysis. Cancer mutations are difficult to analyze and study but not for bioinformatics. The examination of the cancer mutations is one of the major research areas of bioinformatics and thus can slowly and steadily helps in the treatment of he currently incurable disease of cancer. This research area includes several things, starting from the study of tumor lesions to the mutants that can help in curing the disease. The research areas of bioinformatics are vast and include several different areas and fields. Comparative genomics, network and systems biology and high-throughput image analysis are some of the other research areas and these areas would continue to multiply in number with time. Reference link: h ttp://classof1. com/homework-help/engineering-homework-help

Public Administration and Theories Essay

In the United States of America President Woodrow Wilson is considered to be the father of public administration. He was the first president to hire social scientists in government and as a result as other presidents came along such as Freanklin Delano Roosevelt and Lyndon B. Johnson public administration evolved to what it is today (Henry, 2013, p. 342). President Lyndon Johnson is the one that implemented the idea of policy analysis in the federal government in the 1950’s at the same time that this idea of public administration/policy analsysis was evolving in the government it was also emerging in academia. There was various theories and models emerging as public administration evolved throughout history. Two models that came to be is the organized anarchy and elite/mass model. The organized anarchy model according to Nicholas Henry (2013) is, â€Å"The Basics to the model is the presence of three streams, problems, politics, and policies† ( p.345). The problems stream is where the public and policymakers focusing on a particular problem, defining the problem, and figuring out whether the problem can be solved by implementing new policy or just letting the problem go away. The second stream is politics where it involves the government agenda where issues are listed and discussed by various individuals in government such as elected appointees, members of Congress and interest paties. The last stream in this model is policies where there’s a list of policies that may resolve whatever the issue is. The organized anarchy model is also known as the â€Å"garbage can† model. According to William Newman (2013), â€Å"The Garbage Can model of decision is used to illustrate how the foreign policy process is an organized anarchy; decision making is the intersection of four streams–choice opportunities, problems, solutions, and participants. The model helps identify both institutional and persuasion-bargaining variables and highlights their interactions as streams  are connected to produce policy†. The main weakness of this policy is there is a lot of ambiguity where there’s not set goals defined and at times because of the ambiguity not all issues are resolved and/or discussed. Another model that came out of the evolution of public administration is the elite/mass model. In the elite/mass model policy is developed and implemented by the elitethen flows downward to the masses (Henry, 2013, p. 343). Society is split into two sectors where those who have power are considered to be the elite and those that have no power are the masses. The public policies that are implemented consists of values of the elite, which as a result the elite shape how those of the masses think. Public officials and administrators implement all the policies that has been decided by the elite and people of the masses have no choice but to accept these policies which in turn shape what their values are to be. The weakness of this model is that policies are implemented based off of a small gropu of people (elites) that is not representative of the masses as a whole. This model creates a separation of two sectors where the only individuals that are valued are those that have money, they are the ones that are in control and have power to shape the environment that everyone lives in that includes the masses who’s voices are never heard or taken into consideration. According to Ali Farazmand (1999), â€Å" The linking elites and the operational elites within organizations have a primary task of assuring stability, compliance with organizational rules, and cohesion and control among members of their organizations. They are the agents of the strategic elites located at the apex of modern organizations in government, corporations, nonprofit institutions, and political parties†. This idea that there’s various levels of elites within the group as a whole and as result of these vaious levels of elite there’s cohesion because they control the masses. References Henry, N. (2013). Public Administration and Public Affairs 12th edition. Pearson Education Inc. Persuasion-Bargaining and Institutions in an Organized Anarchy: Clinton Administration Decisions on China, 1993-1994, American Review of Public Administration 43, Issue 3 (May 2013): p. 347 – 367. The Elite Question Toward A Normative Elite Theory of Organization. Administration and Society, Vol. 31 No. 3, July 1999 p. 321-360. Sage Publications Inc.

A Passage to India

E. M. Forster's novel, A Passage to India, is a look into the lives of both the colonizer and the colonized. While the plight of the colonized is tragic, filled with degrading images of subjugated civilizations and noble people reduced to mere laborers, it is the colonizer, the British of India, and their rapid change from newly arrived colonist to rigid and unforgiving ruler that draws my interest. The characters constantly comment on these changes that occur to the British once they adjust to the imperialist lifestyle.In the second chapter of the novel Hamidullah, a Muslim character, remarks to his friends, â€Å"Yes, they have no choice here, that is my point. They come out intending to be gentlemen and are told it will not do. . . . I give any Englishman two years. . . . And I give any Englishwoman six months† (Forster 7). Miss Quested constantly worries about becoming this caricature of her former self and also recognizes the changes in her husband-to-be, Ronny, as he fit s into the British ruling class lifestyle.Fielding looks at the uncaring people his compatriots have become and marvels as he befriends an Indian Muslim. Is it possible that colonialism has an effect on the colonizer as well as the colonized? Forster clearly demonstrates that colonialism is not only a tragedy for the colonized, but effects a change on the colonizer as well. But how and why does this change occur? Aime Cesaire proposed that it is simply the savage nature of colonization that changes man into their most primal state (20). This does not work because there is no blatant savagery as in Heart of Darkness.Forster doesn't seem to be parading the cruelty of the colonizer. Thomas Gladwin and Ahmad Saidin suggest that the change is simply the myth of the white man as the British citizens assert their crowns of supposed natural, higher intelligence and worth (47). This does seem to be a good argument because of the superiority that the British colonists take upon themselves in the novel, sequestering themselves in the British club that no mere Indian can be a part of. However, it doesn't account for the more inquisitive and benevolent natures of Adela and Mr.Fielding and their acts and opinions toward the Indian people. In his essay â€Å"Shooting and Elephant,† George Orwell states that: When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the ‘natives,' and so in every crisis he has got to do what the ‘natives' expect of him. He wears a mask and his face grows to fit. (152)Orwell suggests that the change is merely the taking on of a role and that the colonizer is an actor required to play the part of the British ruler. It is expected by the native people, and also by their fellow colonists. This expectation is shown through the comment of Hamidallah and his insistence of the inevitable change. It is expected. It is the acceptance of this role is the change that affects the characters in A Passage to India, and if this is the accepted norm, then it goes to reason that those who do not accept it will find themselves outcasts of the society they reject.This is what I intend to show by comparing the plights of Forster's characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding, as I explore their differing approaches to this role and the effects that come of either accepting or rejecting it . The first groups of colonizers are those who accept the act of leadership whole-heartedly. They separate themselves from the population, declaring their own superiority over the masses as they build their walled compounds content to be out of sight and sound of any Indians, with the exception of their servants (of course) (Kurinan 44).They seek to make Britain in India, rather than accepting and glorifying the resident cultures. They remain strangers to it, pract ically living in a separate country they provided for themselves, yet ruling one that they remained aloof from (Eldridge 170). This is the Englishman or woman who feels that without British rule everything will fall to ruin and chaos, anarchy being the ruling class in their stead (Kurinan 33). This is also the class that Albert Memmi, author of The Colonizer and the Colonized (and a former colonized citizen himself), calls the â€Å"colonizer who accepts† (45).It is the colonizer who accepts his or her given role as ruler and god over the colonized people. Memmi supports Orwell's idea of the role they play by stating that â€Å"the colonizer must assume the opaque rigidity and imperviousness of stone. In short, he must dehumanize himself as well (xxvii). † Those who accept the role of the British administrator lose a part of themselves in the process, becoming an actor instead of a man, doing what is expected, not what is right. Forster picks up on this idea as well. R onny Healsop is the character that exemplifies the ruling class of the nineteenth century British colonizers.He fulfills the characteristics of the administrative class. He adopts the aloof and chilly manner that was characteristic, caring only about his superiority over the Indians and his evenings at the club with his own kind (Kurinan 43). He shows his callousness and robotic adherence to his role as magistrate in India in an argument with his mother. ‘We're out here to do justice and keep the peace. Theme's my sentiments. India isn't a drawing room. ‘ ‘You're sentiments are those of a god,' she said quietly, but it was his manner rather than his sentiments that annoyed her. Trying to recover his temper, he said, ‘India likes gods. ‘And Englishmen like posing as gods. ‘ ‘There's no point in all this. Here we are, and we're going to stop, and the country's got to put up with us, gods or no gods. . . .I am out here to work, mind, to hold th is wretched country by force. I'm not a missionary or a Labor Member or a vague sentimental sympathetic literary man. I'm just a servant of the Government. . . .We're not pleasant in India, and we don't intend to be pleasant. We've something more important to do' (51-52). Ronny dehumanizes himself with his constant ravings about having more important things to do in India than being pleasant to the â€Å"natives. He puts himself up as a god, only there for justice and to hold the country together by force. He sheds any ideas of sentiment and in doing so shows how such ideas are looked upon with derision by the ruling class of the colony. Adela, Ronny's intended fiancee, recognizes this loss of humanity in him from his arguments. She thinks about his manner and it upsets her that â€Å"he did rub it in that he was not in India to behave pleasantly, and derived positive satisfaction there from! . . . The traces of young-man humanitarianism sloughed† (52).What she doesn't reali ze is that Ronny is merely accepting his role as Orwell's â€Å"conventionalized figure of a sahib† and Memmi's typical colonizer: harsh and cold with no time or inclination toward sentiment. Adela Quested is troubled by this conventionalized role. She comes to India to see its wonders and to connect with its people. Her first moments of seeing Ronny are telling because they show her reluctance to take upon herself the role of the British administrative archetype. She marvels at how he has changed and how unsympathetic he is to those he rules over.This idea is something that haunts her as she continually struggles with the role she must take on if she marries Ronny and remains in India. She has a hard time reconciling the notion of the India she sees with that she must be apart of. â€Å"In front, like a shutter, fell a vision of her married life. She and Ronny would look into the club like this every evening, then drive home to dress; they would see the Lesleys and the Call enders and the Turtons and the Burtons, and invite them and be invited by them while the true India slid by unnoticed† (48).Adela does not wish to be a part of the society that Ronny is so fond of. She even goes so far as to ask an Indian about how she can avoid becoming as the other women, something that no other British woman would do. As she rejects her role as actress in the British imperial play, Adela becomes Memmi's â€Å"colonizer who refuses† (19), becoming contemptible in the sight of the English society of India. Those who did not accept this role were viewed as the enemy in the imperial point of view. Memmi points out that those who enter the colonies must accept or go home. There is no middle ground.Those who show signs of humanitarian romanticism are viewed as the worst of all dangers and are on the side of the enemy (20). Adela's thoughts are always viewed as naive and idealistic, but everyone has faith that she will fit in in time. The British laugh at h er notions of wanting to see the real India that they try to shut out every day, but they figure that she will fall in line in the end. But what happens if she doesn't? Adela's refusal to pursue charges against Aziz when she realizes her folly in accusing him of attempted molestation leaves her ostracized.She rejects the role of imperialist colonizer and must live with the consequences. Those who were once her greatest supporters, fawning over her illness and pretending to be so caring and concerned, now become her most vehement enemies. Memmi observed that those colonizers who felt their ideas were betrayed became vicious (21). As Adela found out after her acquitting remarks on Aziza's behalf, her friends turned against her, her superiors denounced her, and even Ronny left her. Adela realizes that if she doesn't choose to wear the mask of imperialism that â€Å"one belongs nowhere and becomes a public nuisance without realizing it. . .I speak of India. I am not astray in † ( 291). One key element of her statement is that she is only a nuisance in India. Memmi asserts that those who are good cannot stay in the colony (21). The best of people must leave because they cannot accept the consequences of their remaining as a colonist. This idea also shows that these changes in character are only exhibited in India. The English in England share differing opinions and ideas. They are not caught in the play as the colonists are and so it shows that a definite change exists between leaving England and acclimatizing to India.Therefore, Adela, although cast out from the imperial administrative class of , may remain unchanged and return to . The last character is that of Fielding. Fielding takes on the role of the colonizer who refuses, but he takes a different path than Adela. Instead of leaving he turns to the colonized for support. Fielding always connects with the Indians. He has no qualms about speaking to them or visiting them in their homes, even visiting Aziz when he falls ill. He doesn't frequent â€Å"the club,† because he doesn't share all of the same opinions that the ruling English colonizers do.Fielding also realizes the truth that the real India lays not in the British imperial scope, but in the Indians themselves. When Adela is expressing her desires to see the real India, Ronny asks Fielding how one sees the â€Å"real India. † Fielding's answer is â€Å"Try seeing Indians† (25). This question results in many of the people at the club talking about how they see too many Indians and too often. This comment about seeing the real India through its people, however, shows a definite sympathy with a conquered people, more than any of the other British people were willing to show at any point.Fielding takes his rejection of the imperialist nature so far as to support and defend the natives against his own people. When Aziz is accused of assault on Adela, Fielding is the first to come to his aid, forsaking his own people. He even defiles the sanctity of the club, choosing it to be his battle ground and denouncing his own people and the play that they have chosen to act in. He makes a very bold statement to the amazement of his fellow British subjects. He declares, â€Å"I believe Dr. Aziz to be innocent. . . . If he is guilty I resign from my service, and leave India. I resign from the club now† (210).He completely rejects his people in their chosen sanctuary, defiling their temple of Britishness and becoming their number one enemy. He is immediately denounced as he rejects this role of imperial aristocrat for benevolent humanitarian. He refuses the mask and doesn't just walk away from it, as Adela must eventually do, but he stomps on it. He in no way forsakes his British heritage, but he realizes that friendship is possible with the Indians, and he is willing to fight for his cause. He becomes the moral hero to the Indians, a quality that Memmi says is important to his acceptance into their confidence.But, Memmi also states that Fielding cannot completely join them because above all he is still British and therefore holds the same ideas and prejudices that he grew up with (45). That is unavoidable because, after all, Fielding is still a British citizen, something that can't be erased. In the end Fielding does turn back to his own people, marrying an English girl, but I think it is significant that he returns to England to find this girl, who is connected with Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore, the two idealistic characters in the novel. Fielding becomes more of a part of the imperial ociety with his marriage ties, but he remains free of the change that occurs in the colonies by making his match away from India. He stays free of the role of imperial actor and continues on with his notions of friendship and peace with the Indian people. I assert that Forster presented Fielding as an example of how to resist the imperial Indian machine and yet still maintain his British culture. Fielding is the most sympathetic, not wavering on his regard for the people, only realizing the differences that may lie between their personalities and cultures.When he becomes the â€Å"colonizer that refuses,† Fielding shows that resistance of the changes that come upon the colonizer is possible and that the role of imperial actor may be refused. Imperialism was a British institution for a long time. It brought British people in contact with many cultures and peoples. It also helped them to affect a great amount of change on indigenous ways of life. The images and accounts of the brutality and callousness of the Imperial administrators are legendary and will always be the most examined part of its long stretch until its fall in the twentieth century.These effects on the native cultures are important, as are the accounts of their plights, however now we can see that Imperialism and colonization didn't only affect the colonized, but that it had an effect on the colo nizer as well. Aime Cesaire stated that â€Å"colonial activity, colonial enterprise, colonial conquest, which is based on contempt for the nature and justified by that contempt, inevitable tends to change him who undertakes it† (20). Living the life of imperialism has its stamp. It can't help but have it.As George Orwell insinuated, it is a play, and the imperial citizens and administrators were actors, trying to play their parts as demi-gods with great confidence and authority (Kuinan 55). When any person did not live up to the art of performance, they either returned to England or joined in the plight of the native, being ostracized from their â€Å"people. † Forster presents a picture of this Imperial England. A Passage to India provides a perfect stage in which to watch the action play out among those who accept their role and those who rebel, whether knowingly or not.His portrayal of the characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding show the three different types of colo nizers that Memmi observed in his own life as a suppressed â€Å"native. † Each character portrays a different situation and mind set, demonstrating the different alternatives in the colonial/imperial life. Through these characters we truly see the effects that imperialism had on not only the colonized, but also the colonizer, showing that no one is immune . A Passage to India E. M. Forster's novel, A Passage to India, is a look into the lives of both the colonizer and the colonized. While the plight of the colonized is tragic, filled with degrading images of subjugated civilizations and noble people reduced to mere laborers, it is the colonizer, the British of India, and their rapid change from newly arrived colonist to rigid and unforgiving ruler that draws my interest. The characters constantly comment on these changes that occur to the British once they adjust to the imperialist lifestyle.In the second chapter of the novel Hamidullah, a Muslim character, remarks to his friends, â€Å"Yes, they have no choice here, that is my point. They come out intending to be gentlemen and are told it will not do. . . . I give any Englishman two years. . . . And I give any Englishwoman six months† (Forster 7). Miss Quested constantly worries about becoming this caricature of her former self and also recognizes the changes in her husband-to-be, Ronny, as he fit s into the British ruling class lifestyle.Fielding looks at the uncaring people his compatriots have become and marvels as he befriends an Indian Muslim. Is it possible that colonialism has an effect on the colonizer as well as the colonized? Forster clearly demonstrates that colonialism is not only a tragedy for the colonized, but effects a change on the colonizer as well. But how and why does this change occur? Aime Cesaire proposed that it is simply the savage nature of colonization that changes man into their most primal state (20). This does not work because there is no blatant savagery as in Heart of Darkness.Forster doesn't seem to be parading the cruelty of the colonizer. Thomas Gladwin and Ahmad Saidin suggest that the change is simply the myth of the white man as the British citizens assert their crowns of supposed natural, higher intelligence and worth (47). This does seem to be a good argument because of the superiority that the British colonists take upon themselves in the novel, sequestering themselves in the British club that no mere Indian can be a part of. However, it doesn't account for the more inquisitive and benevolent natures of Adela and Mr.Fielding and their acts and opinions toward the Indian people. In his essay â€Å"Shooting and Elephant,† George Orwell states that: When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the ‘natives,' and so in every crisis he has got to do what the ‘natives' expect of him. He wears a mask and his face grows to fit. (152)Orwell suggests that the change is merely the taking on of a role and that the colonizer is an actor required to play the part of the British ruler. It is expected by the native people, and also by their fellow colonists. This expectation is shown through the comment of Hamidallah and his insistence of the inevitable change. It is expected. It is the acceptance of this role is the change that affects the characters in A Passage to India, and if this is the accepted norm, then it goes to reason that those who do not accept it will find themselves outcasts of the society they reject.This is what I intend to show by comparing the plights of Forster's characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding, as I explore their differing approaches to this role and the effects that come of either accepting or rejecting it . The first groups of colonizers are those who accept the act of leadership whole-heartedly. They separate themselves from the population, declaring their own superiority over the masses as they build their walled compounds content to be out of sight and sound of any Indians, with the exception of their servants (of course) (Kurinan 44).They seek to make Britain in India, rather than accepting and glorifying the resident cultures. They remain strangers to it, pract ically living in a separate country they provided for themselves, yet ruling one that they remained aloof from (Eldridge 170). This is the Englishman or woman who feels that without British rule everything will fall to ruin and chaos, anarchy being the ruling class in their stead (Kurinan 33). This is also the class that Albert Memmi, author of The Colonizer and the Colonized (and a former colonized citizen himself), calls the â€Å"colonizer who accepts† (45).It is the colonizer who accepts his or her given role as ruler and god over the colonized people. Memmi supports Orwell's idea of the role they play by stating that â€Å"the colonizer must assume the opaque rigidity and imperviousness of stone. In short, he must dehumanize himself as well (xxvii). † Those who accept the role of the British administrator lose a part of themselves in the process, becoming an actor instead of a man, doing what is expected, not what is right. Forster picks up on this idea as well. R onny Healsop is the character that exemplifies the ruling class of the nineteenth century British colonizers.He fulfills the characteristics of the administrative class. He adopts the aloof and chilly manner that was characteristic, caring only about his superiority over the Indians and his evenings at the club with his own kind (Kurinan 43). He shows his callousness and robotic adherence to his role as magistrate in India in an argument with his mother. ‘We're out here to do justice and keep the peace. Theme's my sentiments. India isn't a drawing room. ‘ ‘You're sentiments are those of a god,' she said quietly, but it was his manner rather than his sentiments that annoyed her. Trying to recover his temper, he said, ‘India likes gods. ‘And Englishmen like posing as gods. ‘ ‘There's no point in all this. Here we are, and we're going to stop, and the country's got to put up with us, gods or no gods. . . .I am out here to work, mind, to hold th is wretched country by force. I'm not a missionary or a Labor Member or a vague sentimental sympathetic literary man. I'm just a servant of the Government. . . .We're not pleasant in India, and we don't intend to be pleasant. We've something more important to do' (51-52). Ronny dehumanizes himself with his constant ravings about having more important things to do in India than being pleasant to the â€Å"natives. He puts himself up as a god, only there for justice and to hold the country together by force. He sheds any ideas of sentiment and in doing so shows how such ideas are looked upon with derision by the ruling class of the colony. Adela, Ronny's intended fiancee, recognizes this loss of humanity in him from his arguments. She thinks about his manner and it upsets her that â€Å"he did rub it in that he was not in India to behave pleasantly, and derived positive satisfaction there from! . . . The traces of young-man humanitarianism sloughed† (52).What she doesn't reali ze is that Ronny is merely accepting his role as Orwell's â€Å"conventionalized figure of a sahib† and Memmi's typical colonizer: harsh and cold with no time or inclination toward sentiment. Adela Quested is troubled by this conventionalized role. She comes to India to see its wonders and to connect with its people. Her first moments of seeing Ronny are telling because they show her reluctance to take upon herself the role of the British administrative archetype. She marvels at how he has changed and how unsympathetic he is to those he rules over.This idea is something that haunts her as she continually struggles with the role she must take on if she marries Ronny and remains in India. She has a hard time reconciling the notion of the India she sees with that she must be apart of. â€Å"In front, like a shutter, fell a vision of her married life. She and Ronny would look into the club like this every evening, then drive home to dress; they would see the Lesleys and the Call enders and the Turtons and the Burtons, and invite them and be invited by them while the true India slid by unnoticed† (48).Adela does not wish to be a part of the society that Ronny is so fond of. She even goes so far as to ask an Indian about how she can avoid becoming as the other women, something that no other British woman would do. As she rejects her role as actress in the British imperial play, Adela becomes Memmi's â€Å"colonizer who refuses† (19), becoming contemptible in the sight of the English society of India. Those who did not accept this role were viewed as the enemy in the imperial point of view. Memmi points out that those who enter the colonies must accept or go home. There is no middle ground.Those who show signs of humanitarian romanticism are viewed as the worst of all dangers and are on the side of the enemy (20). Adela's thoughts are always viewed as naive and idealistic, but everyone has faith that she will fit in in time. The British laugh at h er notions of wanting to see the real India that they try to shut out every day, but they figure that she will fall in line in the end. But what happens if she doesn't? Adela's refusal to pursue charges against Aziz when she realizes her folly in accusing him of attempted molestation leaves her ostracized.She rejects the role of imperialist colonizer and must live with the consequences. Those who were once her greatest supporters, fawning over her illness and pretending to be so caring and concerned, now become her most vehement enemies. Memmi observed that those colonizers who felt their ideas were betrayed became vicious (21). As Adela found out after her acquitting remarks on Aziza's behalf, her friends turned against her, her superiors denounced her, and even Ronny left her. Adela realizes that if she doesn't choose to wear the mask of imperialism that â€Å"one belongs nowhere and becomes a public nuisance without realizing it. . .I speak of India. I am not astray in † ( 291). One key element of her statement is that she is only a nuisance in India. Memmi asserts that those who are good cannot stay in the colony (21). The best of people must leave because they cannot accept the consequences of their remaining as a colonist. This idea also shows that these changes in character are only exhibited in India. The English in England share differing opinions and ideas. They are not caught in the play as the colonists are and so it shows that a definite change exists between leaving England and acclimatizing to India.Therefore, Adela, although cast out from the imperial administrative class of , may remain unchanged and return to . The last character is that of Fielding. Fielding takes on the role of the colonizer who refuses, but he takes a different path than Adela. Instead of leaving he turns to the colonized for support. Fielding always connects with the Indians. He has no qualms about speaking to them or visiting them in their homes, even visiting Aziz when he falls ill. He doesn't frequent â€Å"the club,† because he doesn't share all of the same opinions that the ruling English colonizers do.Fielding also realizes the truth that the real India lays not in the British imperial scope, but in the Indians themselves. When Adela is expressing her desires to see the real India, Ronny asks Fielding how one sees the â€Å"real India. † Fielding's answer is â€Å"Try seeing Indians† (25). This question results in many of the people at the club talking about how they see too many Indians and too often. This comment about seeing the real India through its people, however, shows a definite sympathy with a conquered people, more than any of the other British people were willing to show at any point.Fielding takes his rejection of the imperialist nature so far as to support and defend the natives against his own people. When Aziz is accused of assault on Adela, Fielding is the first to come to his aid, forsaking his own people. He even defiles the sanctity of the club, choosing it to be his battle ground and denouncing his own people and the play that they have chosen to act in. He makes a very bold statement to the amazement of his fellow British subjects. He declares, â€Å"I believe Dr. Aziz to be innocent. . . . If he is guilty I resign from my service, and leave India. I resign from the club now† (210).He completely rejects his people in their chosen sanctuary, defiling their temple of Britishness and becoming their number one enemy. He is immediately denounced as he rejects this role of imperial aristocrat for benevolent humanitarian. He refuses the mask and doesn't just walk away from it, as Adela must eventually do, but he stomps on it. He in no way forsakes his British heritage, but he realizes that friendship is possible with the Indians, and he is willing to fight for his cause. He becomes the moral hero to the Indians, a quality that Memmi says is important to his acceptance into their confidence.But, Memmi also states that Fielding cannot completely join them because above all he is still British and therefore holds the same ideas and prejudices that he grew up with (45). That is unavoidable because, after all, Fielding is still a British citizen, something that can't be erased. In the end Fielding does turn back to his own people, marrying an English girl, but I think it is significant that he returns to England to find this girl, who is connected with Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore, the two idealistic characters in the novel. Fielding becomes more of a part of the imperial ociety with his marriage ties, but he remains free of the change that occurs in the colonies by making his match away from India. He stays free of the role of imperial actor and continues on with his notions of friendship and peace with the Indian people. I assert that Forster presented Fielding as an example of how to resist the imperial Indian machine and yet still maintain his British culture. Fielding is the most sympathetic, not wavering on his regard for the people, only realizing the differences that may lie between their personalities and cultures.When he becomes the â€Å"colonizer that refuses,† Fielding shows that resistance of the changes that come upon the colonizer is possible and that the role of imperial actor may be refused. Imperialism was a British institution for a long time. It brought British people in contact with many cultures and peoples. It also helped them to affect a great amount of change on indigenous ways of life. The images and accounts of the brutality and callousness of the Imperial administrators are legendary and will always be the most examined part of its long stretch until its fall in the twentieth century.These effects on the native cultures are important, as are the accounts of their plights, however now we can see that Imperialism and colonization didn't only affect the colonized, but that it had an effect on the colo nizer as well. Aime Cesaire stated that â€Å"colonial activity, colonial enterprise, colonial conquest, which is based on contempt for the nature and justified by that contempt, inevitable tends to change him who undertakes it† (20). Living the life of imperialism has its stamp. It can't help but have it.As George Orwell insinuated, it is a play, and the imperial citizens and administrators were actors, trying to play their parts as demi-gods with great confidence and authority (Kuinan 55). When any person did not live up to the art of performance, they either returned to England or joined in the plight of the native, being ostracized from their â€Å"people. † Forster presents a picture of this Imperial England. A Passage to India provides a perfect stage in which to watch the action play out among those who accept their role and those who rebel, whether knowingly or not.His portrayal of the characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding show the three different types of colo nizers that Memmi observed in his own life as a suppressed â€Å"native. † Each character portrays a different situation and mind set, demonstrating the different alternatives in the colonial/imperial life. Through these characters we truly see the effects that imperialism had on not only the colonized, but also the colonizer, showing that no one is immune .