Constitutional and Administrative Law B v United Kingdom

Questions: 1. Peruse the instance of B v United Kingdom (2006) 42 EHRR 11 and answer the accompanying inquiries. a. Regarding chose cases, quickly clarify the degree of insurances under Article 12 ECHR b. Sum up what the case B v United Kingdom (2006) 42 EHRR 11 is about c. Clarify the important law being tested for the situation and the British governments contentions against the intrigue. d. How does the court arrive at its choices? Do you concur with an official conclusion? Answers: 1(a): The ECHR under Article 12 maintains option to wed as a Human Right. It expresses that everybody has the privilege to wed (Grigolo 2003). In B and L v UK (Familylaw.co.uk 2005), the ECHR watched, the Act of 1949 and the Marriage (Prohibited Degrees of Relationship) Act 1986 disregards the Article 12. As indicated by the Act it suspends a dad in-law and little girl in-law to wed if eithers previous companions are alive. This was a human right infringement, as death of previous mates is possibility are as kids outlast guardians. 1(b): Case Synopsis: Valerie Mary Hill and Alan Monk, the solicitors looked for the ECHR as they felt their privilege according to Article 12 was being damaged by the current laws in UK. The laws suspended them from wedding as they were little girl in-law and father-in-law and their companions were alive. The ECHR held that the laws in power abused their entitlement to wed and found a family and arbitrated for the candidates according to rules under segment 4 of the HR Act, 1998 (Legislation.gov.uk 2016). 1(c): The primary concern of contention depended on existing Marriage Act, 1949 and Marriage (Prohibited Degrees of Relationship) Act 1986 (Sections 1(5)(b) and 1(5)(c)). The Government contended that the gatherings were precluded according to the First and Second Column of Part III, First Schedule. They were against it because of good reasons and social effect of such go about as both of their previous mates were alive. 1(d): The Court found that the laws being referred to were infringing upon Article 12 of the show and it applied Article 41 in mediation. The judgment is pleasing as grounds against the candidates marriage was not supported (Brems and Gerards 2014), as the law itself was not adequate in limitation. In this way we may finish up saying that the arbitration was advocated. References: Brems, E. also, Gerards, J., (2014).Shaping Rights in the ECHR. Cambridge University Press. Familylaw.co.uk, (2005).HUMAN RIGHTS/RIGHT TO MARRY: B and L v UK (Application no 36536/02). [online] Available at: https://www.familylaw.co.uk/news_and_comment/b-and-l-v-uk-application-no-36536-02#.VpC6MLZ97IU [Accessed 9 Jan. 2016]. Grigolo, M., 2003. Sexualities and the ECHR: Introducing the all inclusive sexual lawful subject.European Journal of International Law,14(5), pp.1023-1044. Legislation.gov.uk, (2016).Human Rights Act 1998. [online] Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1998/42/segment/4 [Accessed 9 Jan. 2016].

Auditing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Evaluating - Case Study Example Because of hesitance of tone of Societe Generale, the organization needed to confront lost nearly $7.2 billion out of 2008. It is in this setting Societe Generale gave higher fixation on the front office exercises and there was less thought towards back office exhibitions. As an outcome, there was lopsidedness between the control of front office and back office capacities (Beasley, M. S. and Et. Al., â€Å"How a Low Risk Trading Caused a $7.2 billion Loss†). Because of this explanation, Societe Generale was bumbling to create intense investigations fundamental for controlling the jobs and obligations of representatives. From the contextual investigation, it tends to be seen that like different associations, Societe Generale had likewise gotten very decided about finding its reasonable value. In this way, it didn't give a lot of consideration towards the dealers and its duties regarding dealing with the dangers, while it rendered high criticalness for budgetary associations so as to look after productivity (Wartzman, â€Å"Executives Are Wrong to Devalue Values†). As per Canadian Auditing Standard (CAS), ‘Tone at the Top’ traces the standards of a specialty unit and administration’s commitment to inclination and convictions (Hartley, â€Å"Tips for Cost-Effective CAS Application†). Tone at the top is important for better budgetary control in any association. By making a decision about the tone at the highest point of Societe Generale it tends to be described that it had certain lacunas of interior control which can be arranged as the purpose behind tremendous misfortune looked by the organization. For any association, the top level organization must be clear with respect to the guidelines of business in light of the fact that various associations have distinctive hazard wants. In Societe Generale the administration couldn't make a difference the principles of business all through the inner working society. There is requir ement for better interior administration which can examine the exercises everything being equal with the goal that any sort of criminal operations can be recognized and forestalled as needs be (Beasley, M. S. and Et. Al., â€Å"How a Low Risk Trading Caused a $7.2 billion Loss†). Question 3 CAS portrays that abuses in the fiscal reports climb from either fake exercises or unintentional errors (OAS, â€Å"Canadian Auditing Standards†). Fake action includes three perspectives which are weights or impetuses, opportunity and legitimization. Weight or motivator is the perspective which impacts or will in general offer motivations to a person to lead misrepresentation. Concerning Jerome Kerviel (one of the merchants of Societe Generale), as a dealer, the acquiring of Kerviel was very low in correlation with other top level brokers. He even didn't view himself as a dealer because of his low profit. In this way, his motivation for directing false action was to improve his noto riety inside the organization and subsequently increment the reward sum (Beasley, M. S. and Et. Al., â€Å"How a Low Risk Trading Caused a $7.2 billion Loss†). Henceforth, he was obliged for increasing more cash by attempted fiscal dangers. Defense is the other perspective in dominant part of extortion cases. It includes accommodating the conduct of the individual asserted for submitting deceitful exercises. After divulgence of the deceitful action of Kerviel, his defense was to ensure that his bosses knew in regards to his exercises. Kerviel had verbalized that his bosses

Introducing How to Write a KILLER Linkedin Profile - 4th Edition!

Introducing How to Write a KILLER Linkedin Profile - 4th Edition! As you may have noticed, LinkedIn has undergone a quite a few changes in the past few months. The look of the profile has changed; endorsements have become all the rage, and Skills Expertise has overtaken the Specialties section as a place to search for people with certain capabilities. The status update section has moved, the Events application is on its way out, and the guidelines for a “100% complete” profile have shifted. I’m happy to announce that after many revisions and a lot of help from my Virtual Assistant Jeanne Goodman and publisher Brian Schwartz, the 4th edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile is completely updated to reflect these recent changes. It also contains special coupon codes for e-book readers, new tips on how to create a modern, punchy look with graphics, and new bonus tips for both companies and job seekers. In the spirit of this holiday season, I am VERY thankful to Jeanne and Brian for making this edition possible, and full of gratitude to have this puppy out the door: Get the pdf 4th Edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile! Remember, if you purchase the PDF version of the e-book, you also receive FREE lifetime updates. Get the Kindle version 4th Edition of How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile! The 4thedition of your e-book is great! So much better than editions 12!” Patrick Gallagher, Author of LinkedIn Secrets Revealed If you already own a copy of my e-book and would like to express *your* thanks for how it has helped you create a KILLER profile, please take a moment to provide your feedback! Posting a review on Amazon is a powerful way to tell the world what you thought of the information received, what value it had for you and how it changed your profile. And while youre there, you can check out what others are saying! Post a review here! As a special incentive, if you email us with a link to your Amazon review, your name will be entered in a monthly drawing to win Mary Elizabeth Bradfords Job Search Success System (winner of a 2011 CDI Career Innovator Award and a $97 value!). Check it out here. I also have a Facebook page dedicated solely to How to Write a KILLER LinkedIn Profile and LinkedIn appreciators around the world. If you found a way to improve your online presence with any of the tips from my e-book, please drop by and my KILLER LinkedIn Facebook page. Thank you!

Civil Rights During The 20th Century - 989 Words

Today, we stand at a precipice threatening a definitive split between Blacks and Jews, and Jews of Color and Jews. The recent platform of Black Lives Matters denounces Israel as an apartheid state. A respect for the history of Black political thought demands we not forget Israel and Jews (of all races) remain a vulnerable minority. Jews and Black Americans are most often linked together during the 20th century Civil Rights movement. These communities were victims of institutionalized discrimination and social shunning. Jim Crow signage proclaimed: â€Å"No Jews, No Dogs, No Negroes.† At the height of the Civil Rights era, Jews and Blacks marched together and were martyred during the Freedom Rides for voter registrations. The 19th and 20th centuries were filled with social and political change from the outlawing of slavery, the Labor Movements advancement of workers’ rights, and WWI and WWII toppling of empires and raising up new nations. Unfortunately, Blacks and Jews continued as subjects of racism and anti-Semitism, with increasing violence. Black enfranchisement was met with government sanctioned White Supremacist aggression (such as the Klu Klux Klan). Similarly, the Holocaust highlights Jewish vulnerability. Esteemed historian and Pan-Africanist WEB Dubois exclaimed, â€Å"Every child knows that ancient Jewish civilization and religion centered in Palestine... When it comes therefore to an issue of original possession and ownership, there is no final answer for anyShow MoreRelatedThe Civil Rights Movement During The 20th Century1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 20th century, African- Americans fought for the right to vote and went into great strengths to receive the equal power as a w hite American. The Civil Rights Movement was the starting point for many African-Americans to gain there full rights in the United States. The Civil Rights movement was the challenge to segregation that caused laws that separated blacks and whites. With this movement not only was the goal achieved to end racial segregation in the United States, but the Voting Rights of 1965Read MoreCivil Rights Cases During The 20th Century3051 Words   |  13 PagesSocial Problem Olmstead vs. L.C., which is the case that led to the Olmstead Decision, is considered to be one of the most important civil rights cases during the 20th century (Zubritsky, Mullahy, Allen, Alfano, 2006). The Olmstead Decision was put into place after two women with a diagnosis of mental illness and developmental disability were voluntarily placed in a psychiatric facility and remained institutionalized for years. Even after efforts made by the women’s staff members to move themRead MoreHuman Progress in the Twentieth Century Despite Two World Wars953 Words   |  4 Pages The world in the 20th century went through the destruction of World War I and World War II and the hazard of a nuclear war in the course of the Cold War and coped to revolutionize themselves with essential developments within their societies. The world, as a whole, has advanced more than it has suffered during the turbulent 20th century because of the advancements of innovations and human right, despite the demolition of the two World Wars. The 20th century inflicted the greatest suffering to theRead MoreThe Jim Crow Laws And School Segregation810 Words   |  4 Pageseverywhere in the 20th century, and the population most affected by this were African Americans. Two of the most critical injustices committed in America during the 20th century were the development of the Jim Crow laws and school segregation. However, these injustices have been rectified as a result of the Civil Rights Movement and the decision of the supreme court of Brown v. Board of Education which brought important changes to African Americans. African Americans were deprived of many rights that theyRead MoreShanice Johnson Week 3 Civil Liberties Essay1135 Words   |  5 PagesMaterial Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline and Synopsis Instructions Complete the following timeline with entries that demonstrate the development of civil liberties and rights over time. In part two, write a brief essay of at least 350 words which discusses specific social movements and how they relate to the development of civil liberties and rights. Part One: Civil Liberties and Rights Timeline Complete the second column with brief descriptions of key decisions on civil liberties. IncludeRead MoreThe Movements of the 20th Century Culture Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pagesthe most important events that occurred in the 20th century? A century that was full of many innovations; most importantly, these events made a tremendous impact in our lives as of today. The 20th century contributed an abundance of improvements to our culture. In addition, the progressions of the advancement helped society lives to better, such as the industrialization, the remarkable inventions that made our lives easier. Nevertheless, the 20th century presented a copious amount of remarkable artistsRead MoreFrom Segragation to Racism1280 Words   |  6 PagesFrom Segregation to Racism During the 20th century there was segregation and racism in the United States. Many people believe these times are over but there is still an extreme amount of racism going on in the country today. During the 1900’s, leaders of all races (Black, Hispanics and whites) were fighting for equality. The majority of the black population was fighting for civil rights,better education, anti-lynching laws and equal opportunities. Jim crow laws, The KKK, and the horribleRead MoreU.s. Constitution, Discrimination865 Words   |  4 Pagesmonumental event in the history of the United States is the ratification and signing of the United States Constitution.This took place in the year 1787 .The Bill of Rights is actually the part of the constitution that defines the rights of the citizens of the United States.This significant document helped spell out individual rights and freedoms.Although the signing of the U.S. Constitution solved many problems it failed to solve the problem of discr imination against African Americans,women and gaysRead MoreThe Impact Of The Civil Rights Movement1018 Words   |  5 Pagesof civil rights was a major one throughout the post-Civil War Reconstruction period and remained so throughout the period leading up to the Korean War in the 1960s. The civil rights struggle was caused largely by southern states’ treatment of African Americans. Slavery was a rampant practice in the pre-Civil War south, and even those African Americans who managed to obtain their freedom were not treated as equals to other citizens in the southern states. Free black men did not have the right to voteRead MoreThe Ideas Of Discrimination During The 20th Century1164 Words   |  5 PagesIdeas of Discrimination A controversial topic since the 20th century, discrimination was and continues to be a concept of heated discussion all over the world. In the past one hundred years, we have continued to make an effort to defeat discrimination, but a closer look shows that, even with all the effort put against it, discrimination still runs rampant all around the world. Since the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, the entire world has made large advancements

How Social Media Affects Relationships - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 682 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/04/10 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Social Media Essay Did you like this example? Social media is a new way to express thoughts to one another and connect amongst many groups, it has positive and negative aspects to daily lives. One of the positives is being able to branch out ideas and discover many people who may have common interests around the world, however; social media takes a toll on how others connect on a personal level and face to face interaction. Social media could potentially lead to issues with peoples relationships such as couples, parents, friends, and so many others. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Social Media Affects Relationships" essay for you Create order These issues affect the bonds we have with one another. Social media negatively affects relationships by decreased social skills, trust issues, and lack of privacy. Most peoples first instinct when they wake up in the morning is to check their phone and see who has liked a picture, posted on their story, or perhaps if someone had retweeted a tweet. Think about all the time spent on electronics and how much time is taken away from their friends and family. A major key in a relationship is to connect on a deeper level and have that personal time with one another and create a bond that they share with no one else. Instead of having a conversation while eating most people tend to watch a video on YouTube or scroll on their Instagram feed. The constant need for social media takes away from peoples social skills and being able to show emotion to one another. Another example, when most people fight in a relationship they prefer to do it over text and to try and avoid the conflict. Ultimately social media has decreased many social skills. Social media can be used to connect with people around the world, old friends, or keep an update on their previous ex, this can cause tension in a relationship which in turn can develop trust issues. Most people have things they are insecure about and social media may cause these insecurities to come up more. People get upset over who their partner snapchatted, whose pictures theyve liked on Instagram, or who they might have messaged on Facebook. Even though these encounters may have been innocent, it may cause their partner to feel threatened and worried that they might find someone else. Insecurities caused by social media may cause arguments, dividing the couple and creating trust issues due to their self-doubt or a previous issue that may have happened in the past that they fixate over. Recently Lil Xan and Noah Cyrus were officially dating, until Lil Xan announced over his Instagram story stating she cheated on him. The two continuously went back and forth exposing each other over social media, which is what a lot of people tend to do. When people expose each other over social media there is a lack of privacy that they have in a relationship. People may post statuses about their partner, make an indirect tweet, or post about their partner on their stories. Lack of privacy leads friends, family, or strangers into their personal lives and usually causes a lot of conflict. When there is no privacy, people will start to comment and have opinions on others relationships and on their lives. An example is when someone makes a relationship public online and they tend to post pictures and change their statuses, many people may keep an update on their relationship and cause problems by always putting their opinions out there. Even though it is good for people to know that so meone is in a relationship, its best to give others a small taste in a sense of their life instead of every detail. Social Media correlates to a lot of positive and negative effects on everyday lives. Social media can be used to keep up with friends and family, but it also can take away from relationships that people have with their family and friends. It takes away from those relationships by decreased social skills, loss of trust, and lack of privacy. Society changes often, and it is up to the people to adapt and learn of the new ways of life.

A Reflection Free Essays

The best training ground for every deserving student is in fact, the University of Arizona. Its education is the food market of the human mind. It fuels the student’s professional growth and thrusts him towards definite directions in his day to day activity. We will write a custom essay sample on A Reflection or any similar topic only for you Order Now Furthermore, this university is his watering holes from which he quenches his thirsts and draws his strength as he travels treks through his arduous journey towards excellence and fulfillment. Over the years, this institute has able to mold its graduates into becoming professionals with superb brilliance, genuine dignity and outstanding values. From that day I stepped into this mammoth training ground, I was convinced this University would mean more than life to me. Its warm people, specialized programs and well-prepared curricula are the best tools to guide and shape a freshman like me. My first semester in the University of Arizona is a time of transition, in which I experienced inner transformation as well as realization of my worth as a young adult. I have realized, that with adulthood, comes responsibility. Responsibility is synonymous with obligation, dedication and perseverance. I have the obligation to make the best of my time and effort while studying, not only for the enrichment of myself but also for the benefit of those who have been backing me up in prayers and in thoughts. Aside from these, I have realized that I am accountable to my actions and the little decisions that I make each day, to keep myself whole until that day I got that priceless sheet of paper to pursue my dreams and give back to my family and my country their rewards of life and love, as much as my parents have consented and gave their full trust and support to me, even though being in this university means to be miles and miles away from home. This university has taught me to be committed to every particular task I have, especially in my academics. These things could be as simple as doing my homework diligently or to bigger things like spending wisely every single penny my parents have worked for. Furthermore, this university has taught me to dedicate myself towards living up into its vision and mission and constantly strive to gain excellence not just mentally, but holistically. Back from my humble and simple city in California, I used to misunderstand the independence I have. I relied solely with my parents and left all the household responsibilities to them. I hardly even washed the dishes, nor fixed my room! I did not even bother to clean the house or even my own mess.   I was used to having all things readily set and made available for me. I was reluctant with my studies and my dreams in life were vague. In fact, I enjoyed the company of friends and loved to stay outside shopping and partying, thinking these things would make me happy. But, I was wrong! Not that I have not yet matured that time, but I should say, I refused to grow. Aside from responsibility, I have learned to possess the virtue of balance; where there is freedom, there should always be balance. In my quite life here, I have learned to live life on my own, prepare my food, wash my clothes, clean my room, do my homework and be at peace with everyone. I have to cope with the busy schedules in school and meet the deadlines and make sure that I have read my lessons in advance. Unlike before, I realized that am not getting any younger and that, in this busy world, one should always be in moderation, no matter how many the predicaments are. Speaking of predicaments, my grandmother’s death was one of the most challenging experiences I have during my first semester here. I have been very close to her and being favored by her so much.   I never actually felt very far from home since she was always there beside me to cheer me up and inspire me. But with her death, I felt effortless with school. I was afraid to live alone and assume my responsibilities as a grown-up individual. So I had to go home most of the time.   But through constant effort and vivid plans in life, I have managed to make good in my first training at the University of Arizona. My grandmother’s death served as a challenge for me to believe in myself as much as she trusted me and believed in my potentials. In the real life, everything passes by and that all we need to do is to learn wholeheartedly from every particular experience and take that experience objectively for the betterment of ourselves. I love this university, its people and the promises it holds for each student. Although, I am experiencing a difficult time to adjust to my classmates since all of us come from different states, and the harsh hot weather this State has, I still find this very challenging and exciting. Being in a big city like Tucson is no joke for a young student but I am willing to explore the opportunities this school provides, if these were to open chances of improvement. I love the excitements here, all the fun and the activities set for students. I love the way this institution has become a tool to shape me into a better a person. I know it has only been a semester, but I could see how challenging the coming semesters would be. With the right training and education I have right now, I can see a brighter future not just for my self, for my family and also for my country. America has lots of intellectuals already!   This time, and in the years to come, what it needs are people who do not just have the minds but the heart as well! America needs citizens who are open to the growing changes in the society, taking into consideration the welfare of everybody. America needs people who, despite the diversities there are, remain to be a united and strong citizenry. The country’s effort of producing value-centered graduates demands no less! I am confident that the University of Arizona will make me and the rest of us here to be one of those people America has been longing for! How to cite A Reflection, Essay examples

A Guide To Written Responses Macroeconomics

Question: Discuss about the Short Written Responses Macroeconomics. Answer: Introduction: Real GDP is one of the measures of economic performance of a country. Particularly, it is an economic indicator that specifies the value of all output that are produced within a particular year by a country. Although it is widely accepted, this measure is an unreliable indicator of the standards of living in a country. First, GDP overestimates the standards of living. It is assumed that higher GDP indicates higher standards of living (Buck 2008). However, higher economic growth may occur due to increased economic activities that may result in increased pollution, congestion in the cities and towns, and working more hours (Williams 2013). In turn, this conditions may lead to fatigue, poor health, and poor environmental conditions. Thus, real GDP is an unreliable indicator of living standards. Additionally, it ignores the black market as economic activities in this market are not included in its computation. Some nations have a significant degree of economic activities that are excluded because they do not take place in the formal market system, yet many individuals and families depend on them, thereby facilitating decent standards of living (Buck 2008). Notably, living standards are not solely about the consumption of services and goods. Typically, the key factors in living standards may entail the degree of democracy, freedom, and liberty of individuals, yet the real GDP indicator does not include this in its computation. Furthermore, leisure, which is a major contributor to the quality of life is excluded in the computation of real GDP (Pettinger 2008). Unemployment is a condition in the economy where individuals who are able and willing to work are unable to find a job at the prevailing economic conditions. There are various forms of unemployment, among them cyclical, structural, frictional, and seasonal unemployment. Today, there are various reasons why the various types of unemployment occur. Cyclical unemployment often results when workers lose their jobs as a result of economic downturns in the aggregate demand of a country (Amadeo 2016). During recessions, businesses contract their operations and are forced to lay off some of their workers. Consequently, this causes unemployment. Correspondingly, structural unemployment arises due to the mismatch of skills and expertise in the economy. Often, the mismatch is caused by factors such as geographical immobilities, occupational immobilities, technological change, or structural changes in the economy. On the other hand, Frictional unemployment arises during the time which individuals move from one job to another (Krulick, n.d.). Although some of the unemployment types can be reduced through government efforts, some unemployment are unavoidable due to the existence of cost of hiring people Costs to hiring outside the voluntary relationship between workers and employers result in unemployment and are thus unavoidable. Factors such as minimum wages, corporate taxes, licensure laws and regulatory reforms increase the cost of hiring (Prince 2010). Predominantly, if it costs the company more to hire an individual than the job is worth, then the job fails to exist. Subsequently, this creates barriers to job creation, making certain forms of unemployment unavoidable. As a whole, the statement purporting that a rise in the price level within an economy leads to inflation is agreeable. Primarily, inflation is described as the persistent rise in the general price level in a particular economy (Harvey 2011). It is noteworthy that the continuous upsurge in the prices within an economy amounts to a significant fall in the purchasing power of money in that economy. The condition results from an array of internal and external factors within and outside the economy. Various schools of thought subscribe to the belief that inflation results from either a substantial increase in money supply or a reduction in the supply of goods within a given economy. Significant increases in the supply of money that are not accompanied by a proportionate increase in the supply of good and services creates excessive demand for output. The excessive aggregate demand creates pressure, thereby causing the prices for goods and services to rise. In turn, this leads to a demand-pull inflation. In addition, inflation may arise when the prices of key factor input increase. Due to rise in input prices, producers may be forced to transfer the costs to consumers in terms of higher prices for their products or reduce the supply of their output. When the supply of goods declines due to cost pressure, shortages may arise leading to an increase in prices (McMahon 2008). Consequently, this leads to cost push inflation. Therefore, the intensification of prices in an economy leads to an upswing in inflation. The aggregate demand curve is a graphical depiction of the quantity of services and goods demanded by the economy at various price levels (Arthur Sheffrin 2003). Typically, the vertical axis is plotted with the prices while the horizontal axis is plotted with the real output for that year. The AD curve is downward sloping. There are various explanations that explain this occurrence. The first reason pertains to the Pigous wealth effect. As such, the nominal value is constant whereas the real value of money depends on the prices. Thus, for any given level of money supply, a lower price means a higher purchasing power. Therefore, when the price level declines, individuals are wealthier and transact more (Arthur Sheffrin 2003). Hence, a decrease in prices of product encourages private expenditures, hence enhancing the AD. The Keynes interest rate effect can also explain the slope of the AD curve (Friedrich 1989). As prices increase, individuals need more money for their transactions, yet the supply of money is constant (Friedrich 1989). Thus, excess demand for money causes interest rates to increase. As interest rates rise, spending declines, and GDP also reduces. The net exports effect can also explain the negative slope. As price level rises, demand for imports increases while demand for exports drops. Subsequently, the net exports level drops. Given that net exports is a component of GDP, a decline in net exports leads to a decline in real GDP (Friedrich 1989). The long-run aggregate supply curve is a graphical illustration of the connection between output and price level in the long run. It covers the supply side of the total market. Characteristically, the LRAS is vertical and reflects the autonomous relationship between prices and aggregate real production (Pettinger 2011). By and large, the LRAS curve is vertical because it is assumed that the economy is operating optimally and only factors such as capital, labor and technology can affect the supply curve. By itself, the LAS is only affected by those factors that affect the overall potential output (Pettinger 2011). Thus, the LRAS is static because it shifts slowest at this point and changed in aggregate demand only cause a temporary change in the countrys total output. For this reason, there is only one potential output quantity that is supplied in the economy regardless of the prevailing prices. In contrast, the short-run aggregate supply curve is has a positive slope. Mainly, this is attributed to the fact that firms increase the price level as demand for their services and product increases (Pettinger 2011). When the price level increases, firms also increase the quantity supplied of the product. Thus, in the short run, there is a positive connection between the prices and the amount of good and services supplied in a particular economy (Pettinger 2011). In turn, the positive relationship between the prices and the level of output explains why the aggregate supply curve slopes upwards. Reference List Amadeo, K. (2016). 7 Main Causes of Unemployment [Online] The Balance. Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/causes-of-unemployment-7-main-reasons-3305596 [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Arthur, OS, and Sheffrin, SM, 2003, Economics: Principles in Action, Pearson Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Buck, J. (2008). Limitations of Using GDP as a Measure of Quality of Life [Online] Economic Perspective. Available at: https://econperspectives.blogspot.co.ke/2008/08/limitations-of-using-gdp-as-measure-of.html [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Friedrich, H, 1989, The Collected Works of F.A Hayek, University of Chicago Press. Harvey, J. (2011). What Actually Causes Inflation (and who gains from it) [Online] Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/johntharvey/2011/05/30/what-actually-causes-inflation/#64678b2a4ad2 [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Kruglick, A. (2010). What causes unemployment? [Online] Debt.org. Available at: https://www.debt.org/jobs/unemployment/united-states/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. McMahon, T. (2008). What Causes Inflation? [Online] Inflation Data. Available at: https://inflationdata.com/articles/2008/07/16/inflation-cause-and-effect/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Pettinger, T. (2008). Difficulties in Measuring Living Standards [Online] Economics Help. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/251/development/difficulties-in-measuring-living-standards/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Pettinger, T. (2011). Difference between SRAS and LRAS [Online] Economics Help. Available at: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/2860/uncategorized/difference-between-sras-and-lras/ [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Prince, K. (2010). What causes unemployment? [Online] Renew America. Available at: https://www.renewamerica.com/columns/price/101013 [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017]. Williams, R. (2008). Why the GDP Is Not A Good Measure of A Nation's Well-Being [Online] Psychology Today. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/wired-success/201309/why-the-gdp-is-not-good-measure-nations-well-being [Accessed 1 Jan. 2017].